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EDITION LIMITED 
PRICE $2. so 



BY Cloyd Bryner 



(COPYRIGHTED) 



Vwo Uotwes rt-JCciirsu 

JUN 12 iy05 

[l/x^M^^d ex. AAc. Nji 
I COPT B. 



1905 

Phillips Bros., Printers and Binders 

Springfield, III. 




COLONEL JOHN BRYNER. 



Appointed Colonel 47th Illinois Infantry July 27. 1861- 

Resigned, September 2, 1862; Disability. 

Commandant, Post, Peoria, Illinois. June, October, 1862. 

Assisted in organization of 77th, 85th, 86th, 102d, 103d. 108th and 112th 
Regiments. Illinois Infantry. 

First Lieutenant and Quartermaster 139th Illinois Infantry. June, Sep- 
tember, 1864. 

Upon petition from Veterans was assigned the reorganization of 47th 
Illinois Infantry. 

Reappointed Colonel 47th Illinois Infantry March 17, 1865. 

Died, March 19, 1865. 



THE APOLOGY. 

The story of the Civil War — the story of any war — can 
never fully be written. 

Its accomplished fact is the story of yesterday's inci- 
dents and each new writer adds but another volume to an 
endless catalogue. "National Unity" was a toast requiring 
rich, red blood which the nation drank standing, uncov- 
ered and reverent. There was hot hatred in those days but 
time has assuaged the pain and passion of it all. The sur- 
viving veteran feels that he has lived 'neath a fierce sun 
that bred noxious prejudice and in the autumn of age has 
left but withered leaves. Evening dews and damps have 
chilled the fevered blood and his eyes turn longingly towards 
western hills, radiant in russet and red — and beyond — the 
golden glow of fires from God's eternal camping ground. 
Yet a little while, and he too shall find rest beside clear 
waters with comrades in camp. Beside him, perhaps there 
stands, her hand clasped in his, a little grand-child who 
pleads for a story. "Tell one, grandpa, about when you 
were in the war," and he longs to speak, for the brave are 
tender toward little children, but his lips are mute, for 
worth is ever modest. For such as were of the 47th I 
write, that their children may know the fibre of their 
fathers. I will write the story and, writing it truly, as God 
granteth me grace, will add such scene and incident as I 
deem will interest or entertain or serve to make youth 
familiar with the nation's history, that they may learn of 
their country, revere its flag and esteem its defenders. 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

The National Blues — Regiments organized at Peoria — The loyal 
women— Original roster of the Blues— Some who acquired dis- 
tinction. 

CHAPTER II. 

Early Holidays— Observance of St. Patrich's Day— A War 
Scare— The Peoria Guards, Emmett Guards and Peoria Rifles— 
Sumter Fired Upon— Excitement Following— Onjanisation of Com- 
panies for the War— Names TaTcen— Norton's Company— Every- 
body Helping — Camp Mather. 

CHAPTER III. 

The Nation's Destiny— War for Preservation of Union— Slavery 
—Jefferson Opposed to it— Preachers Defend it— Troublesome 
Questions— Negroes in the War— The Feeling in the South— Posi- 
tion of the North— Lincoln's Election— The South Prepares for 
War— Inauguration of Lincoln. 

CHAPTER IV. 

Patriotism of Peoria— Committee of Safety— Supervisors Ap- 
propriate $10,000— J. C. Hansel First Volunteer— Scarcity of 
Arms— Expedition to Cairo— The 17th Illinois— Home Scenes- 
Lieutenant Pope. 

CHAPTER V. 

Organization of the 47th Illinois— Camp Lyon— Election of 
Officers— Extracts from Ready 's Diary. 

CHAPTER VI. 

Off for the War— Benton BarracJcs— Belgian Muskets— Equip- 
ment— All Ready. 

CHAPTER VII. 

Missouri— A Perambulating State Government— Absence of 
Home Comforts. 



VI. 

CHAPTEB VIII. 

First Christmas in Camp— Marching Orders— Tramp. Tramp, 
Tramp— Afloat on the Mississippi— Island No. 10— Point Pleas- 
ant — Under Fire — Foote's Flotilla — Spectacular Scenes — Sharp- 
shooting- Surrender of Island No. 10. 

CHAPTEB IX. 
A Soldier Frolic— Personnel of the Union Army— Camp 
Music — Aboard the "Alec Scott" — Hamburg, Tennessee— Grand 
Army of the Tennessee— Corinth— Military Telegraph Corps- 
Fight at Farmington— Death of Lieutenant Colonel Daniel L. 
Miles— "Old Ale." 

CHAPTEB X. 
Fame of the "Eagle Brigade"— Mower's "Jackass Cavalry"— 
"Joe Mower"— Bt. Beverend Archbishop John Ireland— " Bob " 
Burdette—The Eagle of the 8th Wisconsin. 

CHAPTEB XI. 

The Advance on Corinth— Fight with Marmadulce- Evacuating 
Corinth— Flight of Beauregard— Contrabands— Mississippi Poetry 
—March to Clear CreeTc-LooTcing for a Swap— Gobbled by Guer- 
illas—Good Boys— Colonel Bryner Eesigns. 

CHAPTEB XII. 
Thrush, Colonel— A Long Tramp— Memory of a March— Ttiscum- 
bia, Alahama— Pushing Price— luka— Colonel Cromwell Cap- 
tured—Fruits of Victory. 

CHAPTEB XIII. 

In the Track of Defeat— Price and Van Dorn Move on Corinth— 

At the Hatchie—The March to Kossuth— N earing Corinth— Battle 

of Corinth— Death of Colonel Thrush— Fierce Fighting— Battling 

for the Eagle— The 47th Sufers Heavily— The Night of October 

■ S, 186S. 

CHAPTEB XIV. 

The Second Day at Corinth— The 47th Opens the Fight- 
Mower's Capture and Escape— A Severe Battle— The 11th Mis- 
souri and the Ohio Brigade — Colonel Bogers— Charge of the 11th 
Missouri and 27th Ohio— The 47th Illinois delivers a telling Fire 
— In Front of Bobinette — Losses. 

CHAPTEB XV. 

After the Battle— The Pursuit— " Fresh Fish"— Governor Rich- 
ard Yates— The Sutler— Southard Besigns—Bowen made Cap- 
tain — The Men of the "Eagle Brujade." 



VII. 

CE AFTER XVI. 

Commencing Vicksburg Campaign — The "Eagle Brigade" in 
Advance— Negro Labor Paid—HoUy Springs— On Half Kations— 
Cut Of —The 126th Illinois— The Wagon Train— Stalled in the 
Mud— The Army Paymaster— A Horse Race. 

CH AFTER XV LI. 

Grant at Memphis— Eidgeway Station— A Period of Depression 
— Resolutions Denouncing Illinois Legislature — Sanitary Supplies 
—"Queen of the West"— Return of Colonel Cromwell and Captain 
Andrews — Helena, Arlcansas—" Chuck-a-lucTc Island" — DucTcport, 
Louisiana— Running the Bloclcade. 

CHAFTE XVIII. 
Hard Times Landing — An Odd Ammunition Train — STcirriiish at 
Raymond — Rain and Mud — Jaclcson, Mississippi — A BrisTc Fight — 
The 47th first in — A Goodly Capture — A Conference of the Gen- 
erals—Sherman's Report— Death of Colonel Cromwell. 

CHAPTER XIX. 
Champion's Hill— Bridging the Big BlacTc River— Living Of 
the Enemy— In Front of Vicksburg— The 19th of May, '6S— As- 
sault of May 22d— Under a Terrible Fire— " Have You a Brigade 
that can Carry that Point"— Motver Sent for— "I can Try"— 
"This is Murder, Order Those Troops Back" — Major McClure 
sent loith Orders— Saves "Old Abe" and the 8th— Heavy Louses. 

CHAPTER XX. 

Settling down to a Siege — Despair in the City — The Brigade 
goes to Haines Bluf—Up the Yazoo— The Fight at Richmond, 
Louisiana— Major McClure Wounded— Watching the River— Men 
of Iron— Vicksburg Surrendered— Second Battle at Jackson, 
Mississippi— Looting of Jackson— At Camp Sherman. 

CHAPTER XXI. 

Extracts from Keady's Diary— Guerilla Bands— The Veterans' 
Indiference— Foragers— Expedition Towards Brownsville— Death 
of Captain Gordon— Aboard the "Continental" — At La Grange- 
Chasing Forrest— Mrs. McClure Visits the 47th— Southern Pris- 
oners—Army Punishments— Forrest Again Active. 

CHAPTER XXII, 

Intense cold — preparations for Red River campaign— Re-en- 
listing— Gvar ding Cotton— Supplies for Sherman— On Steamer 
"Mars" Bound for Red River— " A Wise Dispensation of Provi- 
dence"—Fort Scurry— Individual Courage— Capture of Fort de 
Russy— Awaiting Banlcs-Hendcrnon's Hill. 



VIII. 

CHAPTER XKIIT. 

Banks Takes the Lead— Skirmishing— A Straggling Army— 
Smith's Solid Banks— " God Bless You, General, You Have Saved 
the Army"—Sahine Cross Boads— Panic Stricken— The 77th 
Illinois 

CHAPTEB XXIV. 

Smith and Mower Win the Honorfi--A Sabbath Morning Scene- 
Eager to Pursue— Banks Orders n Eetr eat— Bitterness of Sher- 
man's Men — Returning for the Transports — Smith and Mower 
Guard the Bear— Engagement at Monetis Bluff— Cane Eiver and 
Clouterville — Daily Fighting — Government Cotton — Successful Pas- 
sage of the Fleet. 

CHAPTEB XXV. 

Beport of Admiral David D. Porter— Following the Flight of 
the Fleets— Ready and Zinser. 

CHAPTEB XXVI. 

Mansuria — Beauty of the Morning — The Fight — Bayou de 
Gl'aee— Severe Fighting— The 47th Fires Over Seventy Bounds— 
The Steamboat Bridge— Parting with Banks — Smith's Beport — 
Prisoners of War. 

CHAPTEB XXVII. 

Back at Vicksburg—Lake Chicot— Death of Captain Frank 
Biser and Henry Procter— Major Miles Wounded— A Beautiful 
Sight— At Memphis— A Military Execution— Forrest— Guntown. 
Mississippi— Massacre at Fort Pillow— Veteran Furlough. 

CHAPTEB XXVIII. 

At Home — A Public Banquet — Toasts and Speeches — Poem by 
Mrs. F. B. M. Brotherson— Copperhead Cruelty— After Forrest 
Again— Corps D. Afrique—Okalona— Defeat of Forrest. 

CHAPTEB XXIX. 
Tupelo — Confederate Accounts— A. J. Smith's Account — Colonel 
Alexander Wilkin Killed— Colonel John D. McClure in Command 
of "Eagle Brigade''— Continuation of Smith's Beport. 

CHAPTEB XXX. 

General N. B. Forrest's Beport — Living on Green Corn — Mower 
Wins the Double Stars— Beturn of the Veterans— Beports of For- 
rest's Death — Detailed to 2d Iowa Battery— Forrest Doubles and 
Captures Memphis — An Interchange of Courtesies — Abbeyville, 
Mississippi — Incidejits of the Fight — Devotion to Duty — Mustered 
Out. 



IX. 

CHAPTEB XXXI. 

Public deceptions at Washington and Feoria— Colonel Thrush's 
Sword— Charge at Tupelo— Colonel Cromwell— Coolness of Lieuten- 
ant Bonham — Burdette in Battle — Evolution of a Soldier's Quar- 
ters— Summary. 

CHAPTEB XXXII. 

The Veterans — The Political Situation in the North — Disfran- 
chised Soldiers— The Knights of the Golden Circle— Price Invades 
Missouri— The Eagle Brigade in Pursuit — The Battery Half Hun- 
dred — Guerilla Atrocities — Election Riots — Reorganization- The 
Veteran Battalion — Nashville. 

CHAPTER XXXIII. 

Off for Mobile— At Spanish Fort— The Siege— Gallantry of Ma- 
jor Bonham — Promotion of Bonham and Olmstead — BlaJcely — The 
Colored Troops — Surrender of Mobile — Colonel Magee—On the 
March to Montgomery — News of Lee's Surrender — At Montgomery 
— Assissination of Lincoln— Sad Days — Closing Hours of the 
War— General Smith's Farewell — Reconstruction — Mustered Out. 




A NATIONAL BLUE 

(185G) 



NATIONAL, BLUES. 

*Roll of Honor. 

Bryner, John Colonel 47th 111. Infantry 

Thrush, William A Colonel 47th 111. Infantry 

Cromwell, John N Colonel 47th 111. Infantry 

McClure, John D Colonel 47th 111. Infantry 

Chambers, Rush W Major 47th 111. Infantry 

Babb, Timothy Asst. Surgeon 47th 111. Infantry 

Tobey, Edward E Captain 47th 111. Infantry 

Wonder, James A Drum Major 47th 111. Infantry 

t Mcllvane, George H Organizer 

I Van Buskirk, Harry M Transportation Service 

Wheaton, Lloyd ..Private 8th 111. Inf., Major Gen. U. S. A, 

Wetzel, John Captain 8th 111. Infantry 

Dennison, Charles E Captain 8th 111. Infantry 

King, Fred A Adjutant 8th 111. Infantry 

Russell, John Sergeant Major 8th 111. Infantry 

Pierce, Henry C Drum Major 8th 111. Infantry 

Proebsting, Charles Lieutenant 8th 111. Infantry 

Jackelfalusey, Alexander Sergeant 8th 111. Infantry 

Snyder, David D Private 8th 111. Infantry 

Cunningham, James M Asst. Provost Marshal 

Norton, Addison S Colonel 17th 111. Infantry 

Ryan, Abraham H Colonel U. S. C. T. 

Crane, Gerrard S Sergeant 17th 111. Infantry 

Palmer, Archie Ensign Miss, Flotilla 

Grier, David P.... Col. 77th 111. Inf., Brevet Briagdier General 

Hough, John Major, Asst. Adjt. General, 16th Corps 

McKinney, David Quartermaster 77th 111. Infantry 

Tracey, Charles C Lieutenant 77th 111. Infantry 

Richardson, Erasmus Private 77th 111. Infantry 

Hartz, Samuel B Captain 108th 111. Infantry 

Funke, Otto . . .Colonel 11th III. Cavalry, Brevet Brig. General 

Elliott, Philip E Major 11th 111. Cavalry 

Schearer, Theophilus Major 11th 111. Cavalry 

Dee, Maurice Adjutant 11th 111. Cavalry 

Currie, William Quartermaster 11th 111. Cavalry 

Odell, George W. .Lieut. 11th 111. Cavalry, Capt. 139th 111. Inf. 

Zeigler, John R Captain 11th 111. Cavalry 

Roehrig, Anthony Captain 11th 111. Cavalry 

Cummings, David M Lieutenant 11th 111. Cavalry 

♦Incomplete. 

t Physical disability prevented enlistment, but he was active in 
organizing troops for the field. 

X Physical disability prevented enlistment. Served as civilian in 
Transportation Department, U. S. A. 



BUGLE ECHOES II 



CHAPTER I. 



The National Blues — regiments organised at Peoria — the 
loyal women — origmal roster of the Blues — some who ac- 
quired distinction. 



The soldiers who enlisted in Peoria organizations were 
peculiarly fortunate. There was no militia organization 
prior to the Civil War such as now exists. Military com- 
panies were merely social associations and military pro- 
ficiency came through pride of superiority rather than legally 
enforced discipline. Among the famous companies of 
that period were the "Ellsworth Zouaves," commanded by 
that brilliant soldier and martyr, Elmer E. Ellsworth; the 
"Montgomery Guards" of Crawfordsville, Indiana, com- 
manded by the talented author and soldier hero of Monocacy, 
Lew Wallace ; and the "National Blues" of Peoria, 111., com- 
manded by John Bryner, twice colonel of the 47th IlHnois 
Infantry. 

"The National Blues" furnished fifty-seven field, line and 
staff officers for the Union Army, and it was through their 
military knowledge and skill that Peoria regiments and 
companies attained that superior discipline and efficiency 
that gave them reputations as trained soldiers so early in 
the war. 

It was at Peoria that the Seventeenth, Forty-Seventh, 
Seventy-Seventh, Eighty-Fifth, Eighty-Sixth, One Hundred 
and Second, One Hundred and Third, One Hundred and 
Eighth, One Hundred and Twelfth and One Hundred and 
Thirty-Ninth Illinois regiments, Davidson's Battery and 
Ingersoll's Eleventh Illinois Cavalry were organized. It was 
from Peoria that "Mother" Sturgis and "Aunt Lizzie" Aiken, 
Chicago's loved and loving worker among the lowly, went 



12 



BUGLE ECHOES 



forth as war nurses, and it is at Peoria where exists still 
the only organization of women in the country that lias 
never lost its identity since that day early in April, 1861, 
when they met and formed the "Peoria Soldiers' Aid 
Society," to make uniforms and furnish comforts for the 
boys in the field. Through all these years, first as "Soldiers' 
Aid Society," then as "Woman's National League," then 
as "Soldiers' Monument Association," and later as "Memo- 
rial Day Association," these ladies «have remained an organ- 
ization aiding and caring for the Union soldier. 

The war history of Peoria County dates from 1856. In 
May of that year a roll was started for the purpose of form- 
ing a military organization and signature, obtained in the 
following: order: 



William Drury 
A. S. Norton 
John Bryner 
J. W. Barr 
Timothy Lynch 
Henry H. Forsythe 
John D. McClure 
A. R. S. Palmer 
George Mcllvaine 
C. W. Reece 
John Batton 
E. B. Elwood 
Charles E. Dennison 
W. E. Winchell 
William A. Thrush 
Samuel Hazzard 
John Boyd Smith 
John N. Cromwell 
J. Murray Blakely 
Nicholas Sinnot 
John A. Bush 
Johnson L. Cole 
David P. Grier 
Henry S. Austin 
C. S. Doty 



David M. Cummings 
J. H. Morrill 
John C. Proctor 
J. Patton 
David McKinney 
John M. Henderson 
J. Smith McKinney 
George Blakeley 
Charles P. James 
Rush W. Chambers 
D. W. Herron 
Roswell Bills 
Henry C. King 
Alexander Bishop 
George W. Odell 
Horace G. Anderson 
J. G. Hamaker 
Barnhard Meals 
Robert McBurnie 
John H. Ziegler 
James Fash 
William H. Davis 
A. J. Hodges 
Henry B. Hopkins 
Lorin G. Pratt 



BUGLE ECHOES I3 

Richard S. Cox Charles S. Mattison 

C. H. Pearce Harry Van Btiskirk 

T. A. H. Smythe A. H. Hall 

William E. Kuhn E. J. Humphreys 

William H. Fullerton Robert S. Mcllvaine 

Maurice Dee Abraham S. Ryan 
Theophilus Shearer 

Many others of those who have became prominent in 
the military or civil history of Peoria were afterwards 
added to the roll. 

Among those who subscribed toward uniforming and 
equipping the company are found the names of: William 
S. Moss, $50.00 ; O. C. Parmeley, $10.00 ; J. P. Hotchkiss, 
$20.00 ; William Tobey, $10.00 ; Thomas S. Dobbins, $10.00 ; 
William Moore, $5.00 ; H. Sanger, $5.00 ; George H. Stone, 
$5.00; H. G. Farrell, $5.00; Lester Pattie, $5.00; B. F. 
Miles, $5.00; Farrell & Cox, $5.00; Weston & Garrett, 
$5.00; P. C. Bartlett, $5.00; C. C. Bonney, $5.00; Thomas 
S. Davis, $5.00; Mathew McReynolds, $5.00; N. B. Curtiss, 
$50.00 ; Alexander Allison, $10.00, and L. M. Doup, $5.00. 

The company took for name the "National Blues," and 
at the first election chose for its officers Charles E. Dennison, 
Captain ; John Bryner, First Lieutenant ; William A. 
Thrush ; Second Lieutenant ; John N. Cromwell, Third Lieu- 
tenant ; A. S. Norton, Orderly, and A. H. Ryan, Adjutant. 

Among those who became especially prominent during 
the '6o's were Colonels Bryner, Thrush, McClure, Crom- 
well, Ryan, Norton, Grier (Brevet Brigadier General) and 
Hough (Adjutant General for A. J. Smith) ; Major Rush 
Chambers ; Captains Dennison, Odell, Wetzel and Ziegler ; 
Lieutenants McKinney, Barr, Palmer and King. 



14 BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER 11. 



Early holidays — observance of St. Patrick's day — a war 
scare — The Peoria Guards, Enimett Guards and Peoria 
Rifles — Sumter fired upon — excitement following — organ- 
ization of companies for the War — names taken — Norton's 
company — everybody helping — Camp Mather. 



The early wars of the RepubHc had created but few holi- 
■days, and with the exception of the Fourth of July, Wash- 
ington's Birthday, and the 8th of January — the anniversary 
of the battle of New Orleans — none was observed. Upon 
the organization of the National Blues, it was determined 
that there should be four regular parades and, of course, 
three of these were easily determined, but the fourth was 
a matter of much discussion, until finally Maurice Dee, an 
Irishman of quick wit, arose and with great dignity said : 
"Mr. Chairman, I move you, sir, that the fourth regular 
parade day of the 'National Blues' be that day so dear to 
every American heart, the 17th day of March, the anni- 
versary of the evacuation of Boston." The bait took, the 
motion was put and carried and St. Patrick's day became 
one of the regular parade days of the National Blues. Poor 
Maurice, he occupies a grave in Peoria's beautiful "Spring- 
dale," shot through the forehead by a friend in whose 
marksmanship he had such faith that he was wont to per- 
mit him to shoot a tin cup from off his head. 

Omit the National Blues and this story of the 47th, nay, 
the story of many another regiment would probably never 
have been written. 

Not the least remarkable aspect of early war times was 
the dread fears engendered, and wild rumor ran from 
tongue to tongue as vivid imagination pictured some por- 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 5 

tentous evil. An attempt was made to organize a mounted 
company at Peoria for home protection. A bonfire led to 
rumors of attempted conflagration. Boys digging for a 
rabbit near the powder house in Birket's Hollow at the out- 
skirts of the city started a rumor that traitors were seizing 
the powder, and a committee was sent to investigate. A 
boat passed up the river in the night in search of provisions 
for the St. Louis market, and excited citizens at once 
suspected some trick of the rebels. A crowd gathered at 
the bridge and the draw was chained to prevent the return 
passage of the vessel. Night came and the citizens still 
watched. At last a dim light was seen in the distance. 
The excitement ran high. Brighter and brighter grew the 
light, forms were seen moving about, they were evidently 
firing up. Expectation and fear filled every breast. Occa- 
sionally the light faded lower as the boat seemed to veer 
away toward the farther shore and again blazed higher as 
she came on. Hour succeeded hour, but still no vessel 
came. At last some of the more daring took a row boat 
and pulled up the river to reconnoiter. They proceeded 
nearer and nearer to the light, only to discover at last that 
a farmer was burning a stump on the Tazewell shore. 

The organization of the National Blues led to the for- 
mation of other companies, and as a result the outbreak 
of the Civil War found Peoria with four companies of well- 
drilled men, the Peoria Guards, Captain Samuel R. Baker; 
the Emmett Guards, Captain Cochran ; Peoria Rifles, Cap- 
tain Paul Distler, and the National Blues, Captain John 
Bryner. 

The news of the firing upon Sumter was not received at 
Peoria until Saturday, the 13th of April, a storm having 
broken the wires. The city was thrown into a state of in- 
tense excitement, and the first flag was flung out from the 
armory of the National Blues in Murphy's Hall, on Adams 
street, opposite the Court House, and was greeted by the 
populace with cheers. Others appeared at the City Hall, 
Engine House No. i, and Young America (No. 2). A pole 
was placed in the Court House yard and the Stars and 
Stripes run up. It was greeted with volleys of musketry 



l6 BUGLE ECHOES 

by the Blues, and Julius Manning delivered a speech. A 
call was issued for the formation of a company at the Court 
House that evening and the roll opened for the "Zouave 
Cadets." The organization of other companies was also 
begun by Charles E. Dennison, A. S. Norton, Paul Distler, 
and a battery by Peter Davidson. 

Dennison was the first to complete his organization 
and it was mustered in as Company "E" of the Eighth 
Illinois ("Dick" Oglesby's) regiment. Dennison's com- 
pany was officered as follows : Captain, Charles E. Den- 
nison ; First Lieutenant, John Wetzel ; Second Lieutenant, 
Charles Proebsting. John D. McClure, afterwards Colonel 
of the 47th Illinois, was made First Sergeant, but, being 
taken severely ill .was not able to be mustered in, and thus 
Lloyd Wheaton (made Major General for gallantry in the 
Philippines) appears in the reports of the Adjutant General 
of Illinois as the First Sergeant of the company. The 
Zouave Cadets, unable to get into an Illinois regiment under 
the first call for troops, became a part of the Eighth 
Missouri. 

One of the peculiarities of the times was the names 
adopted by each company. Besides those already mentioned 
were the "Washington Guards," "Pekin Invincibles," 
"Mason Regulators," "Scandinavian Rifles," and many 
others. 

When the war broke out, Scott's tactics was in vogue 
with its slow and measured time and stately movement, but 
this almost immediately gave way to "Hardee." Arms and 
equipment were not to be had and the resources of the 
National Government were taxed to the uttermost. Den- 
nison's company took the name and the arms and equip- 
ment of the National Blues. Norton's company joined the 
Seventeenth Illinois, and the ladies made a portion of their 
uniforms. Knap-sacks were manufactured from the oil- 
skin capes of the old "Wide Awakes" of the Lincoln 
Campaign Clubs. 

Everybody was patriotic and set about doing something. 
One lady sent in a quantity of small feather pillows, be- 



BUGLE ECHOES I7 

cause she thought they would be light for the boys to carry 
on the march. One man from the northern part of Peoria 
County walked a distance of forty miles to Peoria to enlist, 
but was too late ; the ranks of the several companies were 
full. The Prince ville boys were the first from the country 
to reach town. An old Mexican veteran advised the boys 
through the Peoria Transcript to let their beards grow 
to protect their throats and lungs and cautioned them 
against the use of pork and coffee in a hot climate, as he 
had found them deadly in Mexico. The favorite work of 
the ladies was the making of flags for their home com- 
panies, and as they were often without patterns, these were 
not always according to regulation. The ladies of Elm- 
wood made a beautiful silk flag for Grier's company, which 
had to be returned, as the stripes were wrong. 

The first camp established at Peoria was in the old Fair 
Grounds, and was called "Camp Mather" (afterward Lyon), 
and John Bryner made commandant. 



-2 



l8 BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER III. 



The Nation's Destiny — war for preservation of Union — 
Slavery — Jefferson opposed to it — preachers defend it — 
troublesome questions — negroes in the war — the feeling in 
the South — position of the North — Lincoln's election — the 
South prepares for war — Inauguration of Lincoln. 



But few veterans remain to read these lines — there were 
two thousand and fifty-two who, first and last, served in the 
old 47th. The great majority have answered to "lights out" 
and will sleep long before God's trumpeter sounds 
"reveille" for the armies of all Nations. I would write, 
therefore, that those who hereafter man the Ship of State 
may know for what they struggled, and ever hold to the 
high purpose — the Nation's manifest destiny — "supremacy 
in the world of nations." 

The war was fought for the preservation of the Union, 
that hostile fires should cast no fretful gleam across Ohio's 
waves ; that Mississippi's turbid breast should bear no hos- 
tile fleet. Mothers now sleep in peace, who else would wake 
from fevered dreams of wanton war. Peaceful church bells 
call to holy joys, nor toll the solemn requiems for the dead. 
For this three hundred thousand men have died. 

Slavery was at the bottom of it all. Three hundred and 
fifty years before the Civil War, Ferdinand of Spain, con- 
trary to the feelings of the dead Queen Isabella, declared 
"that the servitude of the Indians in America is warranted 
by the laws of God and man." Two hundred years later 
Queen Anne of England and Phillip of Spain were equal 
partners in the African slave trade. The Stuart kings were 
interested and Queen Elizabeth, it is said, shared in its 
profits. 



BUGLE ECHOES . I9 

The first slaves were brought into this country by a Dutch 
trader, who sold twenty of them to the settlers in James- 
town, Va., in 1619. Every one of the original colonies at 
some time or another held negro slaves and recognized 
them by law. Slaves being found unprofitable in the 
North, public conscience was easily aroused to the enormity 
of this crime against humanity and it was eventually abol- 
ished. Jefferson pronounced against it in the Declaration 
of Independence, but the clause was stricken out. Whit- 
ney's cotton-gin made slavery profitable, and that which was 
infamy in the North became holy in the South. 

The famous preacher Whitfield favored it as a means of 
propagating Christianity among the heathen Africans. 
Habersham wrote, "Many of the poor slaves in America 
have already been made freemen of the heavenly Jerusalem." 
From Germany came the word to friends in America, 'Tf 
you take slaves in faith and with the intent to convert them 
to Christ, the action will not be a sin, but may prove a bene- 
diction." By law all masters were required to compel their 
negro slave to "attend, at some time on the Lord's day, for 
instruction in the Christian religion." 

Thus for nearly two and a half centuries had the South 
sought to appease conscience ; a conscience, too, that was 
ever bringing up troublesome questions. The heathen might 
justly be held in slavery, but when the slave was a mulatto 
— he was only half heathen — the white half being Christian 
and the inheritance from, the father, he could not under the 
English law be held in bondage. Dollars made duty clear. 
The Christian half suffered martyrdom, and the Virginia 
Assembly by law made all children "bond or free according 
to the condition of the mother." Avarice mastered con- 
science. War is a rare surgeon, and the knife cleared away 
this National cancer. It is interesting here to note that the 
first man to fall in defense of the Union was a negro, and 
the last battle of the war was won by negro troops. The 
last shackles were broken from the limbs of a slave girl 
by General Lew Wallace, the author of "Ben Hur." 



20 BUGLE ECHOES 

Believing in slavery as a "Divine Right ;" living upon 
vast hereditary estates of fruitful soil; dwelling beneath a 
genial sun, their every word, law, and slightest wish gratified 
by ready waiting slaves ; for nearly a century rulers of the 
Nation ; descendants of the Cavaliers, with all the traditions 
of Court and Camp ; the election of Lincoln ; the elevation 
to the Chief Magistracy of the nation of a Northern "mud- 
sill,' was intolerable to Southern leaders. "Cotton was 
King;" the Union was only a federation; the Southern 
States would secede ; slaves would be bought and sold when 
and where they pleased. One Southern gentleman was the 
equal to five "Northern dough-faces." Let the Northern in- 
vaders dare set foot upon Southern soil, and they would be 
"welcomed with bloody hands to hospitable graves." The 
South was prepared to "die in the last ditch." Such were 
the fierce fires that consumed the Southland. 

The North, abhorring slavery, would ever have fought 
its extension, but where it already existed they would not 
have interfered. The North was a giant, patient, power- 
ful, slow to anger, but when once aroused, irresistible. The 
North was indifferent alike to taunts and revilings. Charges 
of lack of courage and cowardice went unheeded — but when 
the National honor was at stake, when the old flag was fired 
upon — Ah ! that was different. 

Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United 
States November 7, i860. Four months would elapse before 
he would be inaugurated and time was ample, seemingly, 
for successful conspiracy. The enemies of the Union be- 
came exceedingly active. Buchanan was loyal but was vas- 
cillating and weak. His cabinet contained traitors, and 
councils were divided. State followed state in seceding ; 
National arms and munitions of war were shipped South 
by a disloyal Secretary of War, Peace measures were 
talked, while war preparations continued. The "Star of 
the West" sent with supplies to relieve Fort Sumter at 
Charleston was fired upon. Forts, arsenals and govern- 
ment supplies were everywhere seized. The North stood 
aghast and helpless, and only an occasional ray lit up the 
gloom. 



BUGLE ECHOES 21 

John A. Dix succeeded Howell Cobb as Secretary of the 
Treasury in January, 1861, and he sent a memorable 
dispatch to W. H. Jones, a Treasury Clerk in New Orleans, 
who had reported a demand for the surrender of certain 
revenue cutters, concluding with the soul-stirring words, 
"If anyone attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot 
him on the spot." 

March the 4th came and Lincoln was inaugurated at 
Washington. Imbecility and feebleness gave way to power 
and firmness. The South no longer hesitated and at four 
o'clock in the morning, April 12, 1861, the first gun was fired 
against Sumter. 



22 BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER IV 



Patriotism of Peoria — committee of safety — Supervisors 
appropriate $10,000 — /. C. Hansel -first volunteer — scarcity 
of arms — expedition to Cairo — the iph Illinois — home 
equipment — all ready. 



A storm had cut off telegraphic communication and news 
of the assault upon Fort Sumter was not received at Peoria 
until Saturday night, the 13th. The excitement was be- 
yond power of description. During the days that followed 
all business was suspended. Excited throngs gathered upon 
the streets. Printed slips were issued from the newspaper 
offices every hour containing the latest news. Personal ani- 
mosities and party feeling was swallowed up in a great wave 
of patriotism that swept all before it. Editor Zotz of the 
German Democrat, for refusing to fling out a flag, was 
threatened with instant death. 

The following notice was posted: 

"ATTENTION! 

The armory of the National Blues will he open at p A. M., 
and continue open until further notice — for the enlistment of 
volunteers." 

Drills were constantly going on in the Blues' Hall, 
Frank's Hall, Rouse's and Bergan's Halls, and elsewhere. 
Red, white and blue cockades made their appearance. Forty 
German turners headed by fife and drum marched to the 
Blues' Hall and tendered their services. Squads of raw 
country boys were being taught the "goose step" and 
facings ; and upon the streets and in the Court House square 
— everywhere — could be heard the beat of drums, the shrill 
notes of the fife and sound of marching feet. 



BUGLE ECHOES 2$ 

Two hundred ofifered themselves the first day and one 
hundred and ninety passed the rigid inspection. A meet- 
ing of ladies was held at the Peoria Water Cure to form a 
band of nurses and a dozen offered their services to Gov- 
ernor Yates by telegraph. 

Rouse's Hall was thrown open and a Soldiers' Aid Society 
organized by patriotic women to pick lint, make bandages 
and furnish the boys in the field with such comforts as 
might be required beyond the power of the National Gov- 
ernment to supply. Mrs. Julia P. Bourland was elected 
President, Mrs. Harding Secretary, and- Miss Lizzie Cal- 
ligan. Treasurer. 

A Committee of Safety composed of twenty of Peoria's 
leading citizens was appointed and a battalion of mounted 
infantry formed to protect Peoria homes from the invader. 
Bryner, Fahnestock and McCoy, Finance Committee of the 
Board of Supervisors, recommended an appropriation of 
$10,000.00 for aiding volunteers, and it was unanimously 
passed. J. C. Hansel was the first volunteer, and forty-six 
others followed within the hour. 

A. S. Norton, a member of the Blues, had served in the 
regular army and participated in the Seminole War. He 
organized a company and it was equipped by the subscrip- 
tions of patriotic citizens ; the ladies making the uniforms. 
The funds were all subscribed in one day. Patriotic sta- 
tionery began to make its appearance. Every hour the tele- 
graph brought news of some startling event and Peoria was 
in a delirium of patriotic fervor. 

Under the first call of the President for 75,000 men, Illi- 
nois' allotment was six regiments; 125 officers, and 4,458 
men, making a total of 4,683. To arm these men the State 
had stored m its arsenal 362 altered (from flint locks) 
United States muskets, 105 Harper's Ferry and Deninger 
rifles, 133 muskatoons and 297 horse pistols. There were 
also a few hundred arms scattered throughout the State, 
for the most part unserviceable. In ten days ten thousand 
men had tendered their services and Illinois' full quota 



24 BUGLE ECHOES 

was in camp at Springfield and Lieutenant John Pope of the 
regular army was detailed to muster them in. 

An expedition was at once started for Cairo, armed with 
old muskets, rifles and shot guns. Camp Mather was estab- 
lished at Peoria at the old Fair Grounds, which were located 
almost directly opposite the west entrance to Glen Oak Park, 
early in April, and Captain Bryner appointed drill master. 
The 17th Illinois Infantry — Colonel Lew Ross — was the 
first regiment organized at this Camp. The Agricultural 
Society's buildings were used for camp and regimental 
headquarters and the horse and cattle sheds cleaned and fitted 
with bunks for the men. In front of each company quar- 
ters rough tables were built and soon black camp kettles 
were swinging from cranes over fires and embryo "chefs" 
were concocting messes that sent many a Union volunteer to 
military hospital. Company and regimental instruction be- 
gan to take the place of squad drill ; guards were placed, 
armed with hickory clubs, except at the gate entrance, where 
two sentinels were stationed with muskets, for style. 

Visiting delegations were arriving daily from neighbor- 
ing towns to present company flags. Oflicers were being 
presented with swords, sashes or uniforms by admiring 
friends. Ladies brought dinners to the boys in camp, and 
never a soldier left for the front but with his Bible, the gift 
of some Christian Association, and it may be added rarely 
did he return from the front with one. Sweethearts and 
sisters brought little housewives neatly filled with needles, 
thread and thimble and gave them to boys who had never 
handled anything daintier than a pitchfork or plow handle. 

The American volunteer was student and thinker and he 
instinctively turned to the experiences of European armies 
for suggestions and soon "havelocks" began to appear and 
in some quarters the French Zouave uniform was aflfected, 
for what would be better in the hot southern climate than 
the "havelock" to protect head and neck, or the loose flow- 
ing Zouave outfit, cool and comfortable. Nor were all the 
war signs 'out at camp." Cotton goods were scarce and 
high, enforcing unwonted economy, and the thrifty house- 




MAJOR GENERAL A. J. SMITH. 



Born Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 1814. Graduated at West Point 1838, 

in class with Generals Beauregard, Irvin McDowell and William J. Hardee. 

Was assigned to 1st United States iDragoons as 2d L.ieutenaut, served In 

Mexican war and against tlae Indians in Oregon (1855-60.) At outbreak of the 

rebellion was a Major in the 1st U. S. Cavalry. 

Appointed Colonel 2d California Cavalry, October. 1861. Chief of Cavalry 
Department of Missouri, in the spring of 1862. and in the Department of the 
Mississippi. March to July. Promoted Brigadier General March 17, 1862. Pro- 
moted Major General Volunteers, May 12, 1864, and brevetted Brigadier and 
Major General for gallant and meritorious services at Tupelo and Nashville. 

Mustered out of volunteer service January 18, 1865. and became Colonel 
of the 7th U. S. Cavalry. Ketired as Colonel of Cavalry. January 22d, 1889. 

Died, St. Louis, Mo., January 30th, 1897. Aged 82. 



BUGLE ECHOES 2$ 

wife began to fashion garments from the family flour sacks 
and war shirts hung from wash-lines branded across the 
back in great blue letters, "Fort Clark Family Flour." 
Odors of parching rye mingled with browning cofifee and a 
vital question among the women of the neighborhood was 
which was the best for browning, sugar or molasses? 

When the 17th was mustered in the great majority of 
Peorians saw for the first time "a. real live regular." All 
they had ever fancied of "fuss and feathers," "pomp and 
parade" were there — concentrated in that little mustering 
officer who afterwards became famous as General John 
Pope. 



2^ BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER V. 



Organisation of the 42th Illinois — Camp Lyon — election 
of officers — extracts from Keady's Diary. 



July 20th, 1 861, Captain Bryner and Lieutenant Thrush 
returned to Peoria from a trip to Springfield, where they 
had gone to tender their services to Gk)vernor Yates. The 
following day Thrush opened a recruiting office and thus 
formally inaugurated the formation of the 47th Regiment 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry. 

July 2ist saw the Union army beaten at Bull Run. The 
South was exultant and the North, for the moment, 
stunned. The correspondent of the London Times, at this 
time writing of the Union Army, said, 'Tt is evident that the 
whole volunteer army of the Northern States is worthless 
as a military organization, a screaming crowd," and called 
it a collection of "New York rowdies and Boston abolition- 
ists desolating the valley of the Virginia." 

The panic in the North lasted but a couple of days. Vol- 
unteers offered their services by the thousands. Within a 
week Bryner had accepted six companies of the many that 
were offered. So rapidly, however, were organizations per- 
fected that Illinois' quota was filled without delay and 
Bryner tendered his regiment to the National Government 
at Washington and it was accepted by Secretary of War 
Cameron as an independent regiment. In a little over two 
weeks the organization of the ten companies was so far ad- 
vanced that they were called into camp, and on the i6th 
day of August five of the companies that had previously ar- 
rived were mustered into the service of the United States 
by Colonel Simonson of the regular army. The last com- 
pany was mustered in October ist, 1861. 



BUGLE ECHOES 2^ 

August 17th the name of the camp was changed from 
"Camp Mather" to "Camp Lyon" in honor of General 
Nathaniel Lyon, who had fallen at Wilson's Creek. General 
Lyon's vigorous measures had saved Missouri to the Union. 
He was unmarried and bequeathed his entire estate, about 
$30,000.00, to the National Government to assist in the 
preservation of the Republic. 

On the 3d of September an election was called for the 
selection of regimental officers — every man in the regiment 
participating. This election resulted in the selection of John 
Bryner as Colonel ; Daniel L. Miles, Lieutenant Colonel, and 
William A. Thrush, Major. The following appointments 
were afterwards made: Rush W. Chambers, Adjutant; 
William Stewart, Quartermaster; George L. Lucas, Sur- 
geon; Timothy Babb, First Assistant Surgeon; Luther M. 
Andrews, Second Assistant Surgeon; Jeremiah Hazen, 
Chaplain; William E. Kuhn, Sergeant Major; Edward E. 
Toby, Quartermaster Sergeant; Thomas O. Brown, Hos- 
pital Steward, and J. A. Wonder, Principal Musician. 

The regiment remained in Camp Lyon until the 21st day 
of September. From the diary of Thomas Keady of Com- 
pany "A," the following is abstracted : 

August 16, sworn into service for three years. 
August 17, name of Camp changed to "Camp Lyon." 
August 22, mass meeting of citizens held in Camp, with 
speeches, songs, etc. 
August 2^, thirty days' notice to march. 
August 28, articles of war read to regiment. 

August 29, mass meeting ; speeches by Judges Purple and 
Wead. 

August 30, daily drills, parade, etc. ; at night fiddle and 
banjo, stag dance, cards, prayer meeting, etc., as usual. 

August 31, man of Baker's Company court-martialed for 
stealing a pig ; had to stand on barrel labeled "thief" while 
regiment passed. 

September i, preaching by Rev. Samuel Hibben. Dress 
parade. 



28 BUGLE ECHOES 

September 2, two court-martialed, one for "hooking" 
melons, other for pig. 

September 4, a Pekin company of drunken cavalrymen 
put in our guard house. 

September 5, mass meeting ; speeches by Wm. Trench and 
Clark Ingersoll. Sword presented to Col. Bryner by Na- 
tional Blues at evening parade. 

September 16, companies assigned their letter and position 
and the number of the regiment announced as the 47th. 
Rules becoming more strict. Citizens to be admitted only 
from 2 to 6 P. M. 

September 19, silk flag presented to Company "A" by 
ladies of Radnor with picnic dinner, etc. 

September 20, sword presented to Lieutenant Colonel 
Miles, also to Captain and Lieutenant of Company "B." 

The following day the regiment bade adieu to Camp Lyon. 



BUGLE ECHOES 29 



CHAPTER VI. 



Off for the war — Benton Barracks — Belgian Muskets- 
equipment — all ready. 



On Saturday, September 15th, 1861, the regiment broke 
camp ; at its head the field and staff officers, followed by 
the regimental band under the leadership of Porter S. Put- 
nam, father of Katie Putnam, the actress. 

They marched down Spring, Monroe and Main streets to 
the depot, amid cheering crowds of friends, discipline all 
but gone, as wife, mother or sweetheart — mingling with the 
marching soldiers — snatched a hurried kiss or father pressed 
son's hand for the last time. 

It was a gallant sight, the marching regiment, the surg- 
ing, enthusiastic crowd, the flying colors, the cheers of the 
throng, sharp words of command, the band playing "Gar- 
ryowen," or that more popular air, "The Girl I Left Behind 
Me" — in every soldier's heart a cherished name. Look 
close and you see sternly set lips, determination there — aye, 
and a furtive tear, then head tossed high. Boys, boys all! 
And they were to die, to die upon the field in agony, alone — 
beneath unfeeling skies — to die in hospitals in the fever of 
delirium ; to die in prisons, of festering wounds, eaten by 
vermin; to be tossed in heaps in shallow trenches, their 
graves unmarked; to live long lives of agony, with burn- 
ing scars from blade and bullet; to hobble through years 
with limbs maimed or mangled ; to bring back to those girls 
they left behind bodies wasted and stricken. O, God, what 
atonement has been required of the nation for its one great 
crime of human slavery? 

At the station locomotives puffing and shrieking, trains 
of box-cars cleaned out for the urgent needs of war and 



30 BUGLE ECHOES 

fitted with long wooden benches; of ventilation — none, but 
the boys would soon fix that by knocking out the sides 
and ends. "All aboard!'" fading cheers, a last glimpse of 
fluttering handkerchiefs and the regiment is oflf at last via 
the Logansport & Peoria and Chicago & Alton Railroads 
for St. Louis ; orders to report to Washington having been 
changed at the last minute. Arriving at Alton the next day, 
they were embarked upon the steamer "City of Alton" and 
taken to Benton barracks and went into quarters with other 
thousands already there. 

The two weeks following were filled with interest and ex- 
citement. The air was full of rumors. Mulligan's Irish 
brigade that had been captured at Lexington, Mo., came 
into camp, having been paroled. Daily drill — both company 
and regimental — guard and fatigue duty gave hard work 
but furnished exercise that supplied health and saved from 
the deadly homesickness incident to camp indolence. 

Belgian muskets carrying a load of "buck and ball," good 
hard kickers — and like the human kickers, for the most part, 
harmless — were issued to the regiment. Clothing was 
drawn. 

Army regulations allowed to each regiment 1,015 dress 
(fatigue) caps, 1,015 dress coats, 1,015 overcoats, 2,030 
grey woolen shirts, 2,030 pairs cotton drawers, 2,030 pairs 
socks. 1,015 pairs shoes, 1,015 pairs trousers. Cases were 
opened and each man handed his allowance without regard 
to size, and many a long day passed before matters of fit 
were properly adjusted by judicious swapping. The regi- 
ment was rapidly assuming shape, the weak had dropped 
out — only the strong remained. Knapsacks were drawn, 
tents issued, and ten rounds of cartridges supplied to each 
man; then came review by General Samuel R. Curtis, and 
at last the 47th — in less than sixty days' time — ^by moulding, 
drilling, hammering, had become a thoroughly equipped 
fighting machine ready for the service of "Father Abraham" 
Lincoln. 



BUGLE ECHOES 3I 



CHAPTER Vn. 



Missouri — a perambulating State Government — absence 
of home comforts — first shadozvs. 



October 9th, 1861, the regiment moved by rail to Jeffer- 
son City, Mo., where they remained doing garrison duty 
until December 22d. 

To understand fully the value of the services of the 
troops stationed in Missouri during this period, it is neces- 
ary to briefly review the situation. 

The position of the border States was a matter of grave 
anxiety to the government at Washington. The Governor, 
Clayborne F. Jackson, and the legislature of Missouri were 
disloyal. In his inaugural message the governor had recom- 
mended the people to stand by their sister slave-labor 
States in whatever they might undertake. A called conven- 
tion resulted in large Union majorities, but the legislature, 
more pliable to his wishes, passed an ordinance establishing 
a metropolitan police for the loyal city of St. Louis, to be 
under the direction of five commissioners of the governor's 
appointing. This was in order that the secessionists might 
have control of the chief depositories of arms in the State. 
Thus was taken the first step of the many that eventually 
plunged Missouri in confusion and made it fighting ground 
during the entire War of the Rebellion. The legislature 
had authorized a loan from the banks of $500,000.00 and 
the issue of $1,000,000.00 State bonds for war purposes and 
had placed the whole military power of the State under con- 
trol of the Governor. 

General William S. Harney had formed a compact (May 
21 st) with General Sterling Price, commanding the State 
Militia, looking towards neutrality upon the part of Mis- 



^2 BUGLE ECHOES 

souri during the impending conflict. Price was pledged to 
maintain order and Harney agreed, in the name of the gov- 
ernment, to make no movement so long as order was ob- 
served. The national government promptly rejected the 
agreement. General Nathaniel Lyon succeeding Harney, 
declined all compromise. The Governor called for 50,000 
men "for the purpose of repelling invasion and for the 
protection of the lives, liberty and property of the citizens." 
He ordered two important railway bridges between St. 
Louis and Jefferson City to be burned and all telegraph 
wires to be cut. The State was in the anarchy precedent 
to war. 

Outwitting and outgeneraling the secessionists, Lyon 
seized the arsenal at St. Louis, dispersed the disloyal troops 
from that vicinity and drove the Governor, a fugitive from 
the State Capitol. From New Madrid Jackson proclaimed 
(August 5, 1861) the State of Missouri "a. sovereign, free 
and independent Republic." On the 20th of the same month 
the Confederate Congress at Richmond passed an act "to 
aid the State of Missouri in repelling invasion by the United 
States," October 21st the rebel legislature met at Neosha, 
and on the 28th passed an ordinance of secession. On the 
1 8th of November an act was passed to provide for the de- 
fense of the State of Missouri and provision made for the 
issue of defense bonds in the amount of $10,000,000.00, 
payable in three, live and seven years. General W. H. Hal- 
lock declared martial law in St. Louis in December. 1861, 
and extended it afterwards to all railroads and their vicini- 
ties. Vigorous measures were instituted and at last, in Feb- 
ruary, 1862, Missouri was purged of rebel troops — Price 
having fled to Kansas. 

From the first fight at Booneville in June, 1861, to the 
middle of February 1862 no less than sixty battles most of 
them but little more than skirmishes took place upon Mis- 
souri soil. It will be seen from this that the garrison work 
and movements of the 47th from October 9th, 1861. to the 
middle of February, 1862, were of the utmost value in the 
great work of preserving Missouri to the Union. 




MAJOR GENERAL JO.-^EPH A. MOWER. 



Born in Vermont, 1830. Private United States Engineers during war 
witli Mexico, 1846-48. 

Entered United States Army as 2d Lieutenant 1855. 

Promoted Captain 1861. Made Brigadier General Volunteers, November 
1862; Major General Volunteers August 1864. and rose to the command of 
the 20th Corps during Sherman's famous March to the sea. In July, 1866, was 
made Colonel in the United States Army and brevetted Brigadier and Major 
General in the same. 

Died, New Orleans. La., January 6, 1870. 



BUGLE ECHOES 



33 



The incidents of garrison duty at Jefferson City were 
those usual to such duty, accentuated by unfamiliarity to 
war. Camping in tents, sleeping upon straw spread upon 
the ground was in strong contrast to comfortable homes 
and mothers' beds. Every regiment had its "faint hearts." 
and the 47th was no exception. One man shot a hole in 
his foot, and the day following another shot off a toe. Were 
these men cowards, or was it that dreadful homesickness 
that in the early days of the war decimated like a plague 
our army in the field ? There were the vicious, too, and the 
Colonel felt called upon to address them and caution against 
trespassing, gambling, drunkenness and the temptations of 
camp life. 

Government rations were beginning to pall upon the 
palate and another valuable asset of a good soldier was 
developed — the ability to swap. Rice went for butter, sugar 
for eggs and milk ; and coffee — ofttimes it had been boiled 
and dried — was currency for tobacco. Scouting parties 
were sent out and one party brought in twenty-eight cap- 
tured rebels. To the Union Generals — Price, Prentiss and 
McKean — review may have been a delight, but to the boys 
— glossing buttons, polishing gun barrels, rubbing belts, 
shining shoes — a senseless abomination. 

And there were the darker shadows of sickness and 
death. The middle of October found thirty-eight in the 
hospital and the boys at night, sitting in their tents by the 
dim light of candles stuck in bayonets, spoke lowly and lov- 
ingly of Button, Gray, Stewart, Hart and Wilson of "A ;" 
Brittingham and Doan of "B ;" Kent, Phillips and Vandusen 
of "D;" McKenzie of "E ;" McDermott of "F;" Thomp- 
son of ''G ;" Bocock of "I" — all dead. Fourteen mustered 
out by death and the regiment but two months old. The 
searing iron found its glow oftener in hospital than in the 
furnace of conflict. By January ist twenty-four had died 
and the regiment had not yet faced the enemy. 



-3 



34 BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER VIII. 



First Christmas in camp — marching orders — tramp, 
tramp, tramp — afloat on the Mississippi — Island No. lo — 
Point Pleasant — under Hre — Foote's Uotilla — spectacular 
scenes — sharpshooting — surrender of Island No. lo. 



On the 22d of December tents were struck, cars again 
boarded and the regiment proceeded to Otterville, Mo., 
which was reached in the midst of a Winding snowstorm 
and where was spent their first Christmas in camp. Mess 
pork and beans steamed in the black camp kettles, army 
bread (hard-tack) pounded to a pulp, mixed with pork 
grease and fried, gave succulent "lob scouse" and coffee — 
black and strong — furnished the Christmas festal board. 
In "God's Country" they were having roast turkey, mince 
pie and plum pudding. Log huts were erected, roofed with 
canvas, and chimneys built of sticks and mud. Bunks were 
built and here and there were hung the little keepsakes, 
priceless treasures, the boys had brought from home. 

Until February 2d, 1862, the cabin camp in the woods 
near Otterville was home for the 47th — then marching or- 
ders. Fifty sick were sent back to the hospital at Jefferson 
City and then began the march, the ceaseless tramp that 
was to alternate with skirmish, siege and battle for four 
long, dreadful — body and soul scarring — years. Five miles 
to the La Mine, mule teams and army wagons serving for 
ferriage, and camp on the farther bank; fifteen miles the 
following day through Lebanon, Mo. In the enemy's coun- 
try now, and the commistrant improving; hogs, hens, ham, 
bacon, potatoes appearing in the daily menu. The next 
day to Booneville, scene of the first battle upon Missouri 
soil, and four days of rest. 



BUGLE ECHOES 35 

February 8th, 9th and loth saw the march continued, the 
nights lighted and warmed by great log fires beside which 
the boys cuddled close, for February nights are chilling even 
in Southland. The nth brought company — the 5th Iowa, 
39th Ohio and Sand's 5th Ohio Battery were made a part 
of the marching column ; twelve miles this day, fourteen on 
the morrow through Fulton; the next day thirteen miles 
onward through Williamsburg. Knapsack, haversack, the 
forty rounds and rifle grow heavy on the march and the 
soldier boy shifts them often. St. Valentine's Day and the 
allotted distance is eighteen miles through Danville to 
Florence. The boys are becoming inured now and the 
daily tramp grows longer, for the assignment is twenty 
miles for the day following. Only eight miles the next day. 
Why so brief the Lord and the commanding General only 
knew, but the next day brought compensation, for they were 
allowed twenty-eight miles, the longest march yet, to St. 
Charles, Mo. 

Cars again for St. Louis — cattle cars — almost intolerable 
from dear old Peoria to x\lton, palatial now for aching limbs 
and tender feet. The wagon train more fortunate went by 
steamer "Northern." Mules cost money ; men could be had 
for the asking. 

February 20th afloat on the Mississippi on board steam- 
ers "War Eagle," "^Atlantic," "New Golden State," except- 
ing 140 who had been detailed as Pope's body guard, bound 
for Cairo ; passing boats north bound with prisoners from 
Donelson. At Cairo, the apotheosis of war's bugles and ban- 
ners ; boat loads of captives, of dying and dead ; Donelson 
had been fought and won for the Union. The 17th Illinois 
had been there ; had won honor and glory, and Donelson 
would be inscribed upon their banners. Back up the river 
to Commerce, Mo., and landed. Other transports arriving, 
men, horses, guns and munitions landing, an army gathering. 

Pope, the little dandy mustering officer of the 17th, was 
collecting the force that was to move against Island No. 10 
and New Madrid. Each unit quickly found its allotted place 
in the great total and on the 26th the 47th was again upon 



36 BUGLE ECHOES 

the march. Twenty miles towards New Madrid and the 
enemy began to make trouble. The roads led through 
swamps and the rebel General Jeff. Thompson had felled 
trees across the path while his cavalry cannon gave mimic 
echoes of those great guns which were to greet the 47th 
and the old ''Eagle Brigade" later. On March 2d they heard 
first the minies' spiteful note as they advanced skirmishing. 

The 3d and 4th were spent within two miles of New 
Madrid, the lebel batteries sending pleasant salutations of 
exploding shells. The regiment was now a part of the 
"Army of the Mississippi ;'' Brigadier General J. B, Plum- 
mer in command of the division (the 5th). 

Colonel John Bryner commanded the ist Brigade, con- 
sisting of the 47th Illinois and the 8th Wisconsin, and 
Colonel J. M. Loomis commanded the 2d Brigade, consist- 
ing of the 26th Illinois and nth Missouri. 

Island No. 10 lay in a sharp bend of the Mississippi River, 
about forty miles below Columbus, Ky., and about ten miles 
above New Madrid, these two points constituting the key 
to the Mississippi. When General Leonidas Polk evacuated 
Columbus, Ky., a part of his force and munitions of war 
were transferred to Island Ten, and General P. G. T. 
Beauregard, who was in command, made preparations for 
vigorous defense. On the 8th of March he had issued a 
proclamation asking for bells with which to make cannons. 
"In some cities," wrote a Confederate soldier, "every church 
gave up its bells. Court houses, public institutions and plan- 
tations sent them, and the people furnished large quantities 
of old brass, andirons, candlesticks, gas fixtures, and even 
door knobs." These contributions, uncast, were afterwards 
found by General Benjamin Butler at New Orleans and 
sent to Boston and sold at auction. At Point Pleasant, just 
below Island Ten, lay the Confederate transport "Mary 
Keene," and another lay close to the opposite shore, while 
the river was patroled by the rebel gunboats "Polk" and 
"Ponchatrain." 

At sunset March 4th the 2d Brigade under Colonel 
Bryner was ordered to Point Pleasant and an attempt made 



BUGLE ECHOES 37 

to surprise the Confederate vessels. The night was cold 
and ground covered with snow, but fires were forbidden. 
The attempt was a failure, the enemy having been apprised 
of the movement and escaping. The Brigade returned to 
camp near New Madrid the next day. The same day the 
entire division under command of General Plummer, tak- 
ing with them Powell's battery of ist Missouri Artillery, 
four guns, a company of engineers and two companies of 
cavalry, moving by a circuitous route to avoid five miles 
of exposure to fire from the enemy's guns, advanced to seize 
the town. After marching fourteen miles over execrable 
roads, they bivouaced without fires, within three or four 
miles of the town, which was occupied on the following 
morning. Rifle pits were dug under a constant fire from 
the Confederate gunboats and a battery planted. This oc- 
cupation was cause for solicitude to the Confederate Gen- 
eral Polk, who wrote General J. P. McCown, in command 
of Island Ten, "I hope you may be able to silence that bat- 
tery by your gunboats or drive them away, so as to keep 
the river open below you." 

For forty-four days the troops at Point Pleasant were 
under constant fire. The enemy's transports convoyed by 
gunboats passed up and down the river daily, with sup- 
plies. A Confederate battery of heavy guns was planted on 
the opposite shore and opened fire on the 13th — the only 
result being the spoiling of a pot of good mush which was 
hit by a solid shot and scattered far and wide. The next 
night the Confederate fleet ran past Point Pleasant, the in- 
surgent troops having abandoned New Madrid in the 
night, in the midst of a storm, leaving their suppers and 
lighted candles in their tents and fled to Island Ten. Com- 
modore Andrew H. Foote was now at Island Ten with 
a powerful fleet of gun and mortar boats — pouring shot and 
shell upon the Island and the batteries upon the Kentucky 
shore. 

The first week in April Beauregard had telegraphed to 
Richmond, "The Federal guns have thrown 30,000 shells 
and burned 50 tons of powder v/ithout damaging our bat- 
teries or killing a man." 



38 BUGLE ECHOES 

Now all the elements of earth and air united in spectacu- 
lar drama. Storms swept the scene and the thunders of 
heaven sought to drown the sounding guns, fierce lightning 
rent the darkened skies and died, as the flash of the cannon 
lit the scene or mortar's shells soared high. Amid such a 
scene the Corondolet, brave Henry Walke in charge, ran the 
Confederate batteries and as the lightning's flash revealed 
her phantom form glide by the Confederates felt hope 
depart. 

The boys were in the rifle pits daily serving as sharp- 
shooters and picking oft" the men who manned the guns 
as the rebel vessels passed. Back of the rifle pits in the 
woods they chopped down trees and captured squirrels, be- 
ing forbidden to waste ammunition. 

March 17th they were reinforced by General John M. 
Palmer's Brigade and Totten's Battery. April 2d there was 
a terrific storm, trees were uprooted and two men of the 
7th Illinois Cavalry were killed and several injured. On the 
6th the "Corondolet" came down the river and destroyed 
the battery opposite Point Pleasant. 

April 8th Island Ten surrendered. Seven thousand pris- 
oners, 123 guns, 7,000 small arms, four steamboats, hun- 
dreds of horses and mules and vast quantities of munitions 
of war were the fruits of victorv. 



BUGLE ECHOES 39 



CHAPTER IX. 



A soldier frolic — Personnel of the Union army — camp 
music — aboard the "Alec Scott" — Hamburg, Tennessee — 
Grand Army of the Tennessee — Corinth — Military telegraph 
corps — fight at Farmington — Death of Lieutenant Colonel 
Daniel L. Miles — "Old Abe." 



April 13th the 47th embarked aboard the "Alec Scott" 
and went down the river fifty miles ; then turned back and 
tied up at Tiptonville, Tenn. That spirit of fun so char- 
acteristic of the American Volunteer here broke loose in a 
wild frolic; leap frog, racing and wrestling, and to cap all, 
grave and dignified officers shouldered muskets and stood 
their stint of guard duty, while the private soldiers in- 
dulged in critical remarks, amusing, caustic and often ex- 
ceedingly acute. Every walk of life was represented in that 
wonderful army of civilian soldiery and there was no de- 
mand made upon them that could not be met from the 
ranks. There were private soldiers who could build 
bridges, dam rivers or construct canals ; men who could not 
only run but build a locomotive or grade and complete a 
railroad. Financiers who could have safely conducted the 
Nation's affairs ; lawyers, doctors, merchants, artists, 
writers, poets. Inspiring war songs were written by the 
light of tallow candles with mess pork barrels for desks, and 
sung by army glee clubs whose voices would have captivated 
the critical audiences of the world's capitals. 

After the march — when the stars came out at night and 
a thousand lights flickering amid the shadows of the 
Southern pines marked the army's bivouac — entrancing 
strains from violin or flute came floating upon the night air. 
Sometimes in established camps, in the daytime, the music 



40 BUGLE ECHOES 

was rollicking and hoe-downs, jigs and stag dances enliv- 
ened the camp monotony, but at night, after the march, only 
the minor chords were struck. From the Cavalry camp 
floated the sweet notes of "Home, Sweet Home" — the Bat- 
tery boys are singing "Lorena," and every soldier's heart 
echoes a different name. Down in the valley a rich tenor 
is singing "Annie Laurie," and in the stillness of the night 
we catch a shadowy something in the strain that tells of 
blue bells and dear old Illinois. Tomorrow, when the boys 
are weary marching he will sing "John Brown's Body," 
and fifty thousand soldier throats will swell the song, but at 
night soldier hearts are in northland and soldier throats too 
parched to sing. 

Ten days were passed upon the "Alec Scott," the officers 
occupying the cabin and the men scattered upon the deck. 
Down close to Fort Pillow, afterwards made infamous by 
the massacre of surrendered colored troops, up stream 
again past Island Ten and Bissell's Channel, cut to flank 
the Island, past Hickman and Columbus to Cairo ; up the 
Ohio to Paducah and back to Cairo and to Mound City for 
coal ; up the Ohio again to the Tennessee and past Fort 
Henry — destroyed fences, devastated fields and burned 
bridges testifying to war's destruction. 

At sundown April 23d the regiment landed at Hamburg, 
Tennessee. One acquires all sorts of acquaintances in ten 
days on a government transport — some that he itches to be 
rid of. The next day was spent in cleaning up — fine combs 
commanded a premium — clothes were boiled in camp ket- 
tles and the boys made next to godly. Picket and sharp- 
shooting duty now occupied the time. 

The army of the Ohio, the army of the Tennessee and 
the army of the Mississippi were united and became the 
grand army of the Tennessee ; General W. H. Hallock as- 
suming command. General U. S. Grant, although nom- 
inally second in command, was as a matter of fact in dis- 
grace. The army numbered over one hundred thousand 
men. General G. P. T. Beauregard had been reinforced by 
Generals Earl Van Dorn and Sterling Price, with troops 




BRIGADIER-GENERAL LUCIUS F. HUBBARD. 

Born, Troy, New York. January 26. 183H. 

Enlisted as private 5th Minnesota Infantry, December, 1861. 

Promoted Captain February 5th, 1862. 

Promoted Lieutenant-Colonel March 24th, 1862. 

Promoted Colonel Augrust 31st, 1862. 

Brevetted Brigadier-General December 16th, 1864, for "conspicuous 
gallantry in the battle of Nashville. Tenn."' 

Wounded. Corinth, Miss., May 28th, 1862, 

Governor Minnesota 1882-1887. 

Appointed Brigndier-General .June 6th, 1898. and commanded 3d Division 
7th Army Corps throughout Spanish-American war. 



BUGLE ECHOES 4I 

from Missouri and Arkansas and General Mansfield Lovell 
had arrived with his command from New Orleans. 

Corinth, Mississippi, lies about four miles south of the 
Tennessee State Line. It was an important railroad junc- 
tion and a valuable strategic point. Here the enemy were 
concentrated and against them was the National Army di- 
rected. 

General John Pope was in command of the left wing-; 
General D, S. Stanley commanded the 2d Division, and Col- 
onel J. M. Loomis the 2d Brigade, to which was attached the 
47th Illinois. 

The slow and cautious advance upon Corinth began ; 
heavy picket lines were thrown out ; corduroy roads were 
built through miles of swamp ; the days were cold and rainy ; 
trenching tools took the place of gun and sabre. Pope, im- 
patient, was constantly pushing his lines forward, and 
Hallock, cautious, was ever holding him back. 

The military telegraph corps advanced with the army, 
constructing lines as they went. And here let me state that 
in the War of the Rebellion the telegraph was first used in 
the field for the directing of an army. Its organization was 
due to Andrew Carnegie, and the first Superintendent of 
Military Telegraph was David Strouse, a nephew of Colonel 
Bryner. 

May 8th General E. A. Paine's and J. N. Loomis' Brigades 
made a reconnoissance in force, passing through Farmington 
and returning. The night of the 8th the 2d Brigade was doing 
grand guard duty near Farmington. In the morning about 
eight o'clock they were attacked while being relieved by 
General John M. Palmer's Brigade. The enemy seemingly 
advancing in force, the 2d Brigade was ordered to remain 
in the field in support, the nth Missouri occupied high 
ground across a swamp to the left to prevent the possibility 
of a flank movement. The 47th Illinois and 8th Wisconsin, 
being under a sharp fire from the front, were ordered to 
lie down so as to open fire upon the enemy from Spoor's 2d 
Iowa Battery on the left. Palmer's Brigade retreating ; the 
front of the position held by the 47th Illinois and 8th Wis- 



42 BUGLE ECHOES 

ccnsin was uncovered and they advanced to the crest of 
the ridge and opened fire with telHng effect. Paine and 
Palmer having retired while the 47th and 8th were still 
firing away, they, too, were ordered to retire and form a 
new line around the edge of the swamp under cover of the 
bushes. This they did coolly and deliberately. 

The nth Missouri was retired just in time to save being 
cut off and captured. Three times was the line thus retired ; 
Hallock's orders being imperative to avoid the bringing on 
of a general engagement. From Plum's History of the Mili- 
tary Telegraph I quote, "At Farmington, Parsons operated. 
Five minutes after the battle opened grape and cannister 
were raking the shingles from the roof of his office build- 
ing; jerking the instrument from its fastenings he retired 
and again connected and so for the third time ten thousand 
of Van Dorn's and Price's men were pressing a single 
brigade. On arriving at headquarters, Pope, discrediting 
his report, declared he should be put under arrest, but after- 
wards commended him for his courage when he discovered 
he had reported accurately." In this engagement the bri- 
gade lost sixty-four killed and wounded, of which number 
the 47th lost one killed, seventeen wounded and two missing. 

The regiment suffered an irreparable loss in the death of 
its Lieutenant Colonel, Daniel L. Miles, who was struck 
below the knee by a six pounder solid shot from one of the 
enemy's guns. His leg was amputated, but he died the 
next day. He was great of soul, formed in heroic mould, 
and every inch the ideal soldier. Into this action the Wis- 
consin 8th had taken "Old Abe," the historic war eagle. He 
was carried upon a perch beside the colors and when the 
regiment was ordered to lie down behind the crest of a hill, 
he hopped from his perch and flattened himself as close to 
the ground as did any of the men. 



BUGLE ECHOES 43 



CHAPTER X. 



Fame of the "Eagle Brigade" — Mower's "Jackass Cav- 
alry" — "Joe" Mower — Rt. Reverend Archbishop John 
Ireland — "Boh" Burdette — the eagle of the 8th Wisconsin. 



The immensity of operations, the vast numbers engaged 
and the wide sct^pe of territory over which the war was 
fought gave but little opportunity for small commands to 
gain more than local fame, yet the old "Eagle Brigade," as 
it came to be called, won fame, not only in the Western 
Armies but over a large part of the civilized world. This 
brigade consisted of the 47th Illinois, nth Missouri (mostly 
Illinois men), 5th Minnesota, 8th Wisconsin and Spoor's 26. 
Iowa Battery and, for a time, the 26th Illinois and 9th Min- 
nesota. For four years they were never separated ; the glory 
of one was the pride of all. 

It was in turn a part of the Army of the Mississippi, 
Grand Army of the Tennessee and Sherman's Army from 
which it was detached to assist Banks on the Red River 
campaign. It was with Thomas at Nashville and sent to 
Canby's aid (Army of the Gulf) at Mobile. Throughout 
the West it was known not only for courage but also for 
its superior marching qualities. Time and again it raced 
with other commands and none of them, except the 93d 
Indiana, ever kept within half a day's march. In a five hun- 
dred mile march with the cavalry of Hatch and Grierson, 
guarding their baggage train, they were left only a half 
day's march and had added to the other titles of "Eagle 
Brigade," "Smith's Guerillas" and "Mower's Brigade," by 
which they had became known throughout both the Union 
and Confederate Armies, that of "Joe Mower's Jackass Cav- 
alry." 



44 BUGLE ECHOES 

"Joe" Mower was a captain in the nth Missouri at Point 
Pleasant ; was successively Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel, 
Brigadier General, and went with Sherman to the sea as a 
Major General commanding the 20th Corps. Of him Gen- 
eral O. O. Howard writes : "About six feet in height, well- 
proportioned, no officer was better fitted for hard campaign- 
ing." In conversation around camp fires, staff officers spoke 
of him in this w^ay : "Mower is a rough diamond." "He is 
rather a hard case in peace." "He cannot be beaten upon 
the march." "You ought to see him in battle." "At Benton- 
ville the 20th and 2Tst of March, 1865, I saw Mower ride 
into battle. As he approached the firing the very sound of 
it gave him inspiration ; his muscular limbs gripped his 
horse and he leaned forward apparently carrying the ani- 
mal with him into the conflict. He was the only officer I 
ever saw who manifested such intense joy of battle." Such 
was the man who for more than two years was at the head 
of the "Eagle Brigade,' or the Division of which it was part. 

The chaplain of the 5th Minnesota was a clergyman of 
the Church of Rome, devout, earnest, brave and brainy. Re- 
turning home with the laurels of victory, won in defense of 
National integrity, he carried with him such zeal in the 
cause of Christianity that today all the world knows of Rt, 
Rev. Archbishop John Ireland. 

Robert J. Burdette, Peoria's Robert, gentle, humorous, 
pathetic, who has sent rippling laughter and tender love to 
minister in every home, who has done the world good and 
wronged none, w^as a private in the 47th Illinois. What a 
trinity, from one brigade of clerks and farmer boys, who 
marched and fought and scorched and starved themselves 
to the fore front of the world's warriors. "Joe' Mower, 
who could have won distinction with "our army in Flan- 
ders ;" John Ireland, great, ministering angel to the sick, 
the wounded and the dying, and "Bob" Burdette, all laugh- 
ter and sweet chime of bells. 

The great fame that came to the Brigade, however, was 
through "Old Abe." the war eagle of the 8th Wisconsin, for 
whose capture the Confederates would have gladly sacri- 
ficed a brigade. Not a note of the bugle but "Old Abe" 



BUGLE ECHOES 45 

understood. Let its mellow tones but sound and he started 
up and was at once alert and, as the echoes died, he would 
gracefully bend his head in salute. His perch was an Amer- 
ican shield, and he was borne beside the colors. When the 
regiment was at "attention" or "parade rest," he was quiet, 
grave and dignified. In the rage of battle he stood with 
mouth open and wings widespread and, as the fight waxed 
warmer and warmer, he gave exultant screams. He was 
captured when young by Chief Sky, son of "Thunder of 
Bees," a Chippewa Chief. A white man bought him for 
a bushel of corn and presented him to the "Eau Claire 
Badgers," which subsequently became Company "C" of the 
Wisconsin 8th. At the close of the war P. T. Barnum 
oflFered $20,000.00 for "Old Abe" for his Chicago Museum, 
but never was a feather plucked from his plumage. Living 
and dead the great State of Wisconsin cared for "Old Abe" 
up to that hour when the capitol building at Madison 
was destroyed by fire and the body of the noble eagle cre- 
mated and scattered by the winds. 

Grant and Sherman invariably doffed their hats when 
they passed the eagle. The old monument in the Court 
House Square, Peoria, was dedicated October nth, 1866. 
Forty thousand people had gathered. Logan, the Black 
Eagle of Illinois, Benjamin Butler of Massachusetts and 
Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll were the speakers. The State 
of Wisconsin sent "Old Abe" with a guard of honor. The 
boys of the 47th Illinois met him with a carriage and formed 
an escort in the procession. The great soldiers and orators 
were cheered to the echo, but when the eagle came, who can 
describe the enthusiasm of his reception, the people were 
wild, handkerchiefs and flags waving, hats tossed high in 
air and the eagle moving his head right and left, wings 
moving ceaselessly, seemed to acknowledge the greeting. He 
was exhibited at the Northwestern Sanitary Fair in Chicago, 
where the sale of a sketch of the eagle and his photographs 
netted sixteen thousand dollars. 

Poor "Old Abe," passing unscathed the dangers of 
skirmish and battle, became three times the central figure in 
fire tragedy. In the great Chicago fire was destroyed the 



46 BUGLE ECHOES 

model of "Old Abe" made by Leonard Volk, the artist, from 
which had been made several bronze and marble statues. 
In 1881 the attendants and watchmen at the State Capitol 
building, hearing loud screams from "Old Abe," who was 
in the basement, rushed below and found that a fire had 
started in a quantity of paints and oils which had been 
stored there. Vast volumes of smoke were pouring out and 
the eagle was instantly loosed. Through injury from the 
smoke he ceased to eat ; his eyes lost their wonderful luster 
and in March, 1881, he died. His body was preserved and 
placed in the Wisconsin War Museum at the capitol where, 
as before stated, it was cremated in the fire which de- 
stroyed the building. 

There are many wonderful stories told of this famous 
eagle, all well authenticated, to some of which I will allude 
from time to time. 



BUGLE ECHOES 4/ 



CHAPTER XL 



The advance on Corinth — ^ght zvith Marmaduke — evacu- 
ating Corinth — Hight of Beauregard — contrabands — Missis- 
sippi poetry — march to Clear Creek — looking for a swap — 
gobbled by guerillas — good boys — Colonel Bryner resigns. 



Slowly the advance towards Corinth continued. Heavy 
siege guns were mounted and masked, rifle pits dug and 
occupied by sharpshooters, alert to note every move of the 
enemy. Heavy details were engaged in building corduroy 
roads and skirmishes were of almost daily occurrence. 
Occasionally the Confederates amused themselves by shell- 
ing the Federal forces and the compliment was returned by 
the Union batteries. 

May 22d Colonel Worthington of the 5th Iowa was shot 
by Confederate sharpshooters while at the picket line. 

Cleats were nailed to high trees and the boys, climbing to 
the upper branches, could see into Corinth. On the 27th 
forty rounds of ammunition was issued to each man and 
the next day the ''Eagle Brigade." together with those 
of Paine and Palmer, moved forward in line of battle for 
about two miles where they met the Confederate General 
John S. Marmaduke with a large force of Missouri troops, 
posted in the woods near a little log meeting house. A 
sharp fight ensued in which the Federal troops suffered a 
loss of two killed and twenty-two wounded, this entire 
loss being sustained by the gallant Wisconsin 8th, who were 
supporting the 2d Iowa battery. At about 2 P. M. the loth 
Tennessee made a desperate charge to capture the battery. 
They were met by a murderous fire and driven back. Mar- 
maduke fell back to Corinth, having lost about thirty killed, 
one hundred wounded, all of his camp equipage and two 
hundred prisoners. 



48 BUGLE ECHOES 

The 47th was engaged in picket duty the night of the 28th 
and incessant cannonading from both sides went on over 
their heads all night long. The sentinels heard the sound 
of moving trains. Cheering from Corinth convinced the 
uninitiated that Beauregard was receiving reinforcements 
but the trained ears ot the railroad men told a story of de- 
parting "loads" and returning "empties." The boys knew 
Beauregard was leaving and so reported to Hallock, but his 
caution never deserted him. The next morning at day- 
break he sent out skirmishers to "feel the enemy." They 
had just started when dense columns of smoke following a 
series of explosions informed them that the enemy were 
"off and away." Taking with him such stores as he could 
carry and burning and destroying the rest, Beauregard had 
removed with his army to Tupelo, many miles south of 
Corinth. For twenty-seven days the "Eagle Brigade" with 
the "Grand Army of the Tennessee" lay in front of Corinth, 
piling up fortifications, building roads through swamps, and 
repelling sorties from the enemy before the Confederate 
army was driven out. The brigade was ordered imme- 
diately in pursuit. At the Tuscumbia they were halted by a 
burned bridge and a battery posted upon the opposite bank 
of the river to protect the enemy's retreat. The next day 
the pursuit was continued to Booneville, thirty miles south- 
west of Corinth. Here the negroes flocked into camp, hail- 
ing the Union army as deliverers and believing that the 
"Year ob Jubilee had shorely come." What now thought 
that Mississippi poet, who upon hearing of Lincoln's elec- 
tion, wrote : 

"We are waiting till Abe Lincoln grasps the purse and 

grasps the sword. 
And is sending down upon us his abolition horde ; 
Waiting till our friends are murdered and our towns and 

cities sacked. 
And "poor Sambo' gets his freedom — waiting for the 

overt act.' 
Waiting till our fields of cotton, cane and rice and waving 

grain. 




COLONEL JOHN D. McCLURE. 



Appointed Captain Company C. 47th Illinois Infantry. August 25, 1861. 
Promoted Major October 31. 1862. 
Promoted Colonel May 16, 1863. 
Wounded Vicksburg, Miss., June 20, 1863. 
Mustered out O'-.tober 11, 1864. 



BUGLE ECHOES 49 

All are desolate and lonely ' 'neath King Cuifee's' stupid 

reign; 
Till our sisters, wives and daughters are compelled to his 

embrace ; 
Yes, we're waiting, only waiting for this horrible disgrace." 

It is "dollars to doughnuts" this sapient fire-eater was 
with Beauregard's advance upon the retreat. 

The brigade remained at Booneville for a little more than 
a week picketing, scouting and "lying around loose." Knap- 
sacks that had been stacked for the fight at Farmington, May 
28th, did not arrive until June 8th. Water was scarce, 
barely enough for cooking. Man must eat but washing is a 
pleasant though needless luxury on a campaign. A forced 
march of twenty-five miles without apparent necessity back 
to Clear Creek June nth left every foot of the way a 
.scorched path to Hades for the unregenerate and sorely tried 
the temper of the good. Some fell by the wayside and slept 
in the woods, coming into camp the next morning. Here a 
pompous old citizen rode into camp on a mule, with a jug 
of buttermilk tied in a bag and hung from the saddle, and 
tried to make a "dicker" for coffee. The regiment lay at 
Clear Creek for eighteen days and then moved to Rienzi 
on the Mobile «& Ohio R. R., where they threw up rifle pits 
and remained until the i8th of August. 

While in camp at Rienzi two of the 47th — Alex. Speer 
and J. J. DeGrummond — were gobbled by guerillas while out 
picking blackberries. The regiment had now been in the 
service a year and was from various causes greatly reduced 
and a squad was sent to Peoria upon recruiting service. 

As an instance of how the volunteers of the "6o's" main- 
tained the high moral standard that won them the en- 
comiums of foreign critics ; at Rienzi the mess of the regi- 
mental surgeon, Lucas, drew up a formal document which 
all signed, pledging themselves to purity of habit and speech 
and the observance of proper table manners at meals. 
Smile not at this, my friend. It was the higher aspirations 

-4 



50 BUGLE ECHOES 

of bronzed heroes seeking that they might be worthy of the 
watching and waiting ones in IlHnois. 

August 5th Gen. W. S. Rosecrans reviewed the regiment, 
warmly praising its gallantry and efficiency. 

August 17th Col. Bryner tendered his resignation. 
Kindly, thoughtful and generous to a fault, Col. Bryner 
was nevertheless a rigid disciplinarian and the irksomeness 
of military life and severe drill duty bore harshly upon boys 
fresh from farm and counter, who were unaccustomed to 
restraint. But when in December, 1861, Pope at Otterville, 
Mo., reviewed the army and the regiment, double-quicking 
through tangled underbrush and over frozen ground, exe- 
cuted difficult maneuver after maneuver, inviting personal 
complaints from Pope through his adjutant general, they 
realized the value of their severe work and thenceforth he 
was regarded at his full worth as a commander, while his 
studious care for those under him made the boys of the 
47th look to him as friend and father. Never a rugged 
man, the malarial poison of the Mississippi swamps had 
seized upon him and he was compelled to leave the service. 
When at Rienzi he bade his command farewell, there was 
not a dry eye in the regiment. Two years later when a large 
portion of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans for another 
three years, a petition signed by every officer and man was 
sent Colonel Bryner, asking him to again assume command. 
The petition was sent to Gov. Oglesby, who gave his consent. 
Col. Bryner raised six new companies which with the four 
companies of veterans in the field completed the organiza- 
tion, but he took sick and died the very day he was to have 
been for the second time mustered in as colonel of the 47th. 



BUGLE ECHOES 5 1 



CHAPTER XII. 



Thrush, Colonel — a long tramp — memory of a march — 
Tuscumbia, Alabama — pushing Price — luka — Colonel Crom- 
well captured — fruits of victory. 



Upon Col. Bryner's departure, William A. Thrush, who 
had been made Lieutenant-Colonel after the death of Miles, 
assumed command of the regiment. The band which, ever 
since the departure from Peoria, had been a source of pride 
and pleasure to the regiment, was ordered discharged. The 
expense of the government were enormous and all unneces- 
sar}'^ impediments were being dispensed with. Bugles, 
drums and fifes could sound the calls and brass bands were 
allowed henceforth only to brigade headquarters and fighters 
and marchers like Mower had no use for them even there. 

For almost three weeks the regiment remained at Rienzi, 
breaking camp August i8th, 1862, and once more starting 
on a seemingly endless tramp. Eighteen miles this day 
through a village, they say it is Jacinto ; at the end of the 
dav another village on a railroad, which some say is the 
Alemphis and Charleston, and the village Burnsville. The 
soldier doesn't know until the war is over, when he looks it 
up on the map, and then knows it is so. Memory of such 
marches is a horrid nightmare. Stifling dust those August 
days, parched throats and aching eyes seared by sun and 
irritated by sand, the smell of sweaty leather from burdening 
knapsack — weighting cartridge box and haversack — gun 
barrels that are hot and bayonets whose glint is an irrita- 
tion, the water in the canteen hot and brackish, though the 
cloth cover is kept well wet ; when a stream is reached, a 
rush from the ranks, water hastily dipped and dashed in 
the face, canteen refilled and countless steps again to the 
camp at night unless, and it often happened, necessity re- 



52 BUGLE ECHOES 

quired an all-night march, when the only bivouac fires were 
God's stars, and the tramp, tramp, tramp, went steadily on, 
fifty minutes of marching and ten minutes of rest, and so 
the boys of the "Eagle Brigade" marched for four years 
and five months. 

From Burnsville to luka was another eight miles, twelve 
miles to Bear Creek and another twelve to Cane Creek, 
Alabama ; good camp there and good to remember, planta- 
tions large, darkies a-plenty to point out supplies, hens, eggs, 
sweet potatoes, hams. A soldier's lot is not so bad after all. 
There are shading pines in Alabama and clear springs, by 
which to camp at night, and ten miles with the smell of 
pines and a spring was found at Tuscumbia, near the Ten- 
nessee River. 

Soldiering is not all heroic. One stops to put shoulder 
to wheel of mired wagon or gun at times, roads must be cut 
through woods, enemy's stores are seized and must be loaded 
upon wagon or railroad trains. It was confiscated cotton 
at Tuscumbia and the 47th was detailed to do the loading 
upon cars. Cotton was valuable and the North would wel- 
come it. 

September 8th the regiment took the back track towards 
Corinth again and camped at Cane Creek ; twenty-four miles 
to Bussard's Roost, the "Johnnies" pressing the rear guard 
and killing one cavalryman. On the loth they camped at 
luka, reached Burnsville on the nth and on the 12th were 
again at the old camp at Clear Creek, which they had left 
HI June. Price captured luka almost immediately after the 
regiment had left there. Other than guerilla operations 
there had been but little of active operations from June 
until September. 

Determining to crush Price, Grant at once put tv/o 
columns in motion under Generals E. O. C. Ord and W. S. 
Rosecrans to accomplish this purpose. Ord was to attack 
in front while Rosecrans was to attack on flank and in rear. 
Ord had 5,000 men and additonal troops were given him 
by a division under Gen. Ross. Rosecrans had Generals 
C. S. Hamilton's and D. S. Stanley's divisions, about 9,000 



BUGLE ECHOES 53 

strong. With Hamilton's division in the advance the "Eagle 
Brigade" with Stanley's division left Camp Clear Creek on 
the night of the i8th with three days' cooked rations and 
JOG rounds of ammunition for each man and marching 
through a drenching rain only reached San Jacinto, twenty 
miles south of luka, the following evening, having been 
detained by falling in rear of Ross through fault of the 
guide. Hamilton had pushed forward, listening for the 
sound of Ord's guns, and found a line of battle two miles 
from. luka on densely wooded heights. The ground was 
in terrible condition, unknown to the Union troops and with 
no room for development. Hamilton's skirmishers were 
(■riven back and a desperate battle ensued. On the crest 
of the hill stood the nth Ohio battery. Hamilton fought 
three times his own force led by Price in person — the battle 
became furious. In front, up the road, came the enemy's 
heaA'y columns. From the battery upon the hill a deadly 
fire was poured into the advancing foe. The Confederate 
musketry concentrating upon the devoted battery soon killed 
or disabled most of the horses. The wounded animals ran 
shrieking, mad wi<"h pain and fear. On came the line of 
gray, only to be hurled back in disorder. "The Eagle 
Brigade" came into action on the double quick, the 47th on 
the left of the nth Missouri, the 5th Minnesota on the right 
and the Wisconsin 8th in support. A whole brigade of 
Texans born down upon the 48th Indiana, which was forced 
to give about one hundred yards, when it was met and sup- 
ported by the 4th Minnesota and held its position until re- 
lieved by the 47th Illinois. Three times the guns on the 
crest of the hill were charged by the Confederates, the can- 
noniers were bayoneted at the guns ; seventy-two dying 
at their posts. In the last desperate attempt two Mississippi 
brigades were sent to the work. As the first brigade came 
from the woods, bearing down upon the nth Missouri, and 
when within one hundred paces a Confederate officer 
sprang forward and shouted, "Don't fire upon your friends, 
the 37th Mississippi." He was answered by a withering 
volley, which drove them back in confusion. The Second 
Confederate brigade followed, darkness had come on, the 
smoke of battle hung so heavy that objects could scarcely 



54 BUGLE ECHOES 

be seen at five paces. On came the brave Mississippians 
but as vainly beat the waves against the rocks as tliese Con- 
federate heroes against the Illinois boys of the nth Mis- 
souri. They were received at the point of the bayonet 
from which they were fired, officers discharged their pistols 
in the very faces of their foes and the battle closed. The 
47th Illinois and 39th Ohio held the front, slightly in front 
of the advanced regiments, which were withdrawn to re- 
plenish their ammunition. It was now night and the battle 
which had raged for several hours was over. 

The next morning the enemy was gone. The 47th Illinois 
lost one killed, five wounded and Major Cromwell captured. 
After the battle 162 Confederate dead were found, collected 
for burial, in the rear of their hospital, covered with tar- 
paulins. The entire Union loss was nearly 800 killed, 
wounded and missing; the Confederates losing over 1,400, 
amongst whom were General Little and Colonel Stanton, 
killed. One thousand six hundred and twenty-nine stand of 
arms, 13,000 rounds of ammunition and quantities of stores 
fell into the hands of the Union troops. The usual lauda- 
tions in general orders followed, of which every regiment 
in the "Eagle Brigade" received its due share. luka was 
ordered placed upon the colors of the 47th following 
"Island Ten," "New Madrid" and "Farmington." 



BUGLE ECHOES 55 



CHAPTER XIII. 



In the track of defeat — Price and Van Dorn move on 
Corinth — at the Hatchie — The march to Kossuth — nearing 
Corinth — Battle of Corinth — Death of Colonel Thrush — 
fierce fighting — battling for the Eagle — the 4'/th suffers 
heavily — the night of October 5, 1862. 



Pursuing the enemy, who retreated toward Ripley, there 
was everywhere found that saddest of sights, the desolated 
path of a defeated army in flight. The Confederates had 
been obliged to leave their dead unburied, their wounded to 
the mercies of the victors. Demoralized and dispirited, dis- 
cipline had relaxed, and the line of retreat was marked by 
acts of vandalism. A Confederate soldier wrote: "Corn 
fields were laid waste, potato patches robbed, barn yards and 
smoke-houses despoiled, hogs killed and all kinds of out- 
rages, perpetrated in broad daylight and in full view of 
our officers." It was through such scenes the pursuit was 
continued to Crippled Deer, thirty miles, where rinding it 
useless to continue further, the brigade returned by way 
of Jacinto to Rienzi, where it remained a few days watch- 
ing the movements of Price and Van Dorn, who were 
concentrating their forces at Ripley, Mississippi, and pre- 
paring for advance against Corinth. The combined forces 
of the Confederates numbered about forty thousand men, 
while Rosecrans had but about twenty thousand, twelve 
thousand of whom were strongly entrenched at Corinth and 
the balance serving upon outpost duty. 

Late in September, Price and Van Dorn moved forward 
and encamped on the night of October 2d, within ten miles 
of Corinth. At 3 o'clock in the morning, October ist, 1862, 
the bugles rang revielle and soon around a thousand fires 



56 BUGLE ECHOES 

men were busy preparing rations for a three days' marchj 
which was to commence at dayHght. An old campaigner's 
housekeeping is simple and orderly and sunrise found all 
in readiness. Assembly sounded, knapsack, haversack and 
accoutrements adjusted, rifles at a "right shoulder" and the 
column moved. At ten o'clock the Hatchie River, twelve 
miles distant, was reached. Here was the crossinp,- of the 
Ripley and Rienzi Road and here the enemy were to be 
met and held, should they attempt the crossing. Arms were 
stacked and the time employed until five o'clock for the 
most part in digging up and cooking sweet potatoes from 
a five acre field of Confederate sand. When the halt was 
made Captain Harmon Andrews of Company "C was de- 
tailed to place pickets and was absent for several hours. Re- 
turning late in the afternoon, he reported to General Mower 
that after placing his pickets he had gone forward several 
miles, where he saw the Confederate army moving rapidly 
and in force towards Corinth. After remaining in hidmg 
and watching the enemy until he had counted eighteen bat- 
teries, he hurried back to camp and made his report, and at 
five o'clock imperative orders were issued to march to 
Kossuth, fifteen miles, that night. The boys knew that 
battle was impending and cheerfully they marched at 
'■quick step" beneath the sun's sultry rays, in blinding sandy 
dust and almost without water. Until about nine P. M. 
all kept well up and then the heat and dust and swift pace 
began to tell. One by one the boys dropped out, unable to 
continue further. A rear guard was detailed to keep up 
the stragglers. With blistered feet and lolling tongues, 
men threw themselves beneath the trees along the roadside. 
Less than half the brigade was up when Kossuth was 
reached at midnight. Some of the companies numbered 
less than a dozen men. Those who reached their destina- 
tion threw themselves down in the furrows of an old corn 
field, too weary to build fires or seek refreshment. Stragglers 
came up all through the night and early morning. 

The morning of the 26. heard eight o'clock, breakfast call 
and saw a change of weather. The sun was veiled by 
clouds and heat replaced by rain. Mud took the place of 





COLONEL WILLIAM A. THKUSH. 

Appointed Major 47th Illinois Infantry 
Aug. 25, 1861. 
Promoted Lieut. -Colonel, May 9, 1S62. 
Promoted Colonel, Sept. 2, 1862. 
Killed Corinth, Miss., Oct. 3. 1862. 



COLONEL JOHN N. CROMWELL. 

Appointed Captain Company A, 47th Illi- 
nois Infantry, Aug. 25, 1861. 
Promoted. Major, ftlay 9, 1862. 
Promoted, Colonel. October 3, 1862. 
Killed. Jackson. Miss., May 16, 1863. 





LIEUT.-COLONEL DANIEL L. MILES. 
Appointed Lieut-Colonel, August 25. 1861. 
Killed, Farmington. Miss., May 9, 1862. 



LIEUT-COLONEL SAMUEL R. BAKER 

Appointed Captain Company E, August 
25, 1861. 
Promoted, Lieut-Colonel, Sept. 2. 1862. 
Mustered out, October 11. 1864. 



BUGLE ECHOES 57 

dust. There were no tents and through it all 'vvas the 
inimitable, indomitable cheerfulness of the American soldier. 
You dwellers in palatial homes, who sleep upon high-grade 
spring mattresses, have no idea how comfortable a bunk of 
fence rails properly placed upon the ground with swamp 
grass for a mattress is after such a march upon such a 
night. The boys had these and slept soundly ; many — and 
one a brave young colonel — for the last time upon this 
earth. Some of the 47th added fresh pork to their supper 
menu of hard tack and coffee, having captured a drove of 
Confederate "razor back" hogs. There was but little sleep 
that night, for some none at all, for no matter how wear)i 
the soldier, guard and picket duty must be done. At one 
o'clock in the morning, the brigade was aroused ; two days' 
rations hastily prepared — easily enough when you have only 
to choose between pickled pork raw and pickled pork fried 
with your "hard tack." The "hard tack" (army bread) was 
not unlike water wafers and when fresh, good ; when 
mouldy, intolerable ; when only wormy, if hungry enough, 
you are not fastidious. Coflfee was issued whole, and 
ground in a quart cup with the butt end of a bayonet. Brown 
sugar was supplied and these usually constituted marching 
rations. Place these rations in a canvas haversack, let it 
rain all day, soaking the haversack through, and at night 
hunger might possibly prove preferable to supper. 

At three o'clock Mower had his men moving and at nine 
o'clock was within two miles of Corinth, at the outer line 
of the old Confedrate entrenchments. Halting and stacking 
arms, coflfee was prepared and at twelve o'clock the line of 
.m.arch was again resumed and the column moved two miles 
further toward the left of the already contending Union 
lines. The Confederates had commenced the attack upon 
Oliver's Brigade early in the morning and had driven him 
back. McArthur was sent to his support, but still the Con- 
federate lines came on and pressed the Union line liack still 
further. McKean and Davies had been sent to the aid 
of Oliver and McArthur, but the Confederates were resolved 
to capture Corinth with its immense quantities of stores and 
munitions. In a desperate charge upon the Union lines, two 



S8 BUGLE ECHOES 

guns were captured. The continuous roll of musketry and 
the thundering artillery informed the "Eagle Brigade" of 
the desperate character of the conflict in which they were 
about to engage. The battle had raged since early dawn and 
fortune had thus far favored the enemy. Their whole force 
was now pressing heavily upon the Union center, which 
was being steadily driven back. The "Union Brigade," un- 
der Davies, was being flanked and McKean's position was 
growing untenable. Mounted orderly after mounted or- 
derly came riding back from McKean with appeals for 
help. Hurried orders came to immediately advance. Utterly 
worn from the thirty-four miles' march of the preceding 
twenty-four hours, the brigade moved forward with alacrity 
but not sufficiently rapid for the impatient Stanley, who con- 
stantly urged them to greater speed. To these urgent de- 
mands Colonel Thrush replied, "The men are already almost 
utterly exhausted ; to move them faster will render them 
unfit for action." The calls for help became more and 
more pressing and frequent. Faster and faster came 
riding orderlies, excitement grew, aching limps and blis- 
tered feet were forgotten ; the boys were now on the run ; 
cheer followed cheer as they swung into line. 

Passing Fort Robinett, they moved to the right of the 
"Union Brigade." For fifteen minutes the 47th had been 
under a scattering fire, but as they took position the fire 
from the Confederate lines became so fierce it seemed as 
though a magazine had exploded in their very faces. From 
both sides the volleys were rapid and terrific. The "Union 
Brigade" gave way and the left flank of the 47th became 
exposed. A moment more the regiment would be sur- 
rounded and prisoners, but Thrush and Stanley were there. 
"Fix bayonets," rang out the command from Thrush. 
"Charge bayonets," forward, charge," and with a rusii and 
a cheer the Confederate line was swept back. God, how the 
boys fell! Thrush was killed, shot through the heart. A 
gentle noble soul had gone to God. He fell in the very 
moment of victory while cheering on his men. The 47th 
had lost their leader, and Captain John D. McCiure took 
cojnmand. Adjutant Rush Chambers, calling to his men 



BUGLE ECHOES 59 

to Stand fast, ran to the right wing and assumed command 
there, while Captain Harmon Andrews took charge of the 
left. Again the battle took a turn and for a while s-eemed 
to hang in even scale. The left was still exposed and with- 
out support. The men were falling like autumn leaves. 
Another charge — the enemy again driven back. As they 
reached their reserves the fight became more stubborn. 
Brave Captain David DeWolf was dead. Captain Harman 
Andrews and Lieutenant Edward Tobey wounded — 
Andrews a prisoner, and McClure alone in command. A 
portion of the enemy had gained the rear of the line— the 
47th was almost without officers, and one-half the men had 
fallen. The survivors were terribly worn from their se- 
vere march and lack of water. A retreat was ordered. 
Slowly they retired, facing the foe and keeping up a 
steady fire. 

It was now five o'clock and the men had been under a hail 
of lead for over two hours. The enemy were exultant and 
threw the whole left wing of their army against this one 
brigade. An avalanche of gray in ranks of serried steel — 
on they came. Slowly the old "Eagle Brigade" fell back ; 
steadily pouring their fire into that line of glittering steel — 
and yet fell back. 

Price had said he would rather capture "Old Abe" than 
a dozen battle flags and that to the Confederate who suc- 
ceeded would be granted "free pillage" in Corinth. There 
he wns before them and seemingly within their grasp. 

There were brave hearts beneath those coats of gray and 
they beat with exultant hope as on they pressed, firing faster 
and faster, the flame from the guns almost scorching the 
faces of the boys in Union blue. The eagle was delirious in 
the delight of the strange wild storm, his wings were beat- 
ing and he gave screams of frantic joy. Suddenly he was 
seen to spring aloft and soar away over the heads of the 
combatants ; a halt of the lines as they paused upon both 
sides to watch the eagle's flight and then the sharp-shooters 
in gray began to fire at the circling bird as he rose higher 
and higher with exultant cries. The smoke suddenly cleared 



6o BUGLE ECHOES 

and the eagle saw the gleam of the colors below and with 
magnificent swoop returned to his perch beside the Union 
flag. 

The battle raged again with fury intensified and again 
the brigade was swept slowly back. They reached the ridge 
where Thrush had fallen. Stanley called to the men to 
hold their ground ; fiercer the fire and more deadly that the 
heroic brigade poured into the foe. Not another inch ,vis 
yielded and the enemy exhausted and defeated retired to 
the shadow of the woods. One-half of the 47th had fallen, 
dead or suffering from ghastly wounds. 

So closed the day, October 3d, 1862. Night fell ; the 
roar of artillery and sharp crack of musketry replaced by 
the cries of the wounded, the hoof beats of horses as order- 
lies rode hither and thither carrying reports and orders for 
the morrow; rumbling of ambulances bearing wounded to 
the hospitals ; the heavy tramp of marching troops taking 
position ; the measured tread of sentries and, piercing the 
gloom, an occasional uncanny scream from the woods pro- 
claimed the vulture seeking prey. Around the bivouac fires 
of the 47th sat the boys — all that was left of them — sad but 
not dispirited. Their brave young Colonel lay at the 
Tishomingo Hotel in Corinth, dead. Out under the stars, 
somewhere upon the field, lay De Wolf and an hundred 
others. Andrews wounded was a prisoner and ten were 
missing, captured or dead, who would ever know? And to- 
morrow, well tomorrow, they would fight again. 



BUGLE ECHOES 6 1 



CHAPTER XIV. 



The second day at Corinth — the 4'/th opens the fight — 
Mower's capture and escape — a severe battle — the i lih Mis- 
souri and the Ohio brigade — Colonel Rogers — charge of the 
nth Missouri and 2'jth Ohio — the 4/th Illinois delivers a 
telling tire — in front of Robinette — losses. 



At one o'clock in the morning, Saturday, October ^th, the 
regiment was aroused and moved, from the support of Fort 
Robinette to the support of Fort Williams. Sharpshooters 
were detailed to watch the movements of the enemy and 
all night long the crack of rifles told of their faithful 
vigil. The light of the stars had not yet faded when at four 
o'clock the Confederates opened fire upon the town from 
a battery of twelve pounder guns posted in the woods to 
the west of Robinette. Lieutenant Robinette made no reply 
for twenty minutes ; carefully training his guns to meet the 
expected attack. Dawn was fast approaching. Companies 
"E" and "B" of the 47th, under Puterbaugh and Kinnear 
were upon the skirmish line and opened the fight. Shells 
were bursting over the heads of the Union troops. One 
ball passed through the Tishomingo House, killing one of the 
wounded. Robinette's parrot guns were now speaking ; their 
range was perfect and the enemy were soon obliged to shift 
their position. Near sunrise all was silent except the occa- 
sional angry snarl of a sharpshooter's rifle. Soon after Van 
Dorn attacked the Union left. 

Mower had ridden forward to the skirmish line — no lover 
more impatient for his mistress than Mower for war's trou- 
bles. The 5th Minnesota half-breeds (Hubbard's Indians) 
with the prudence of the white man and the sagacity of the 
Indian were ideal skirmishers and a portion of them were 
upon the skirmish line with the 47th and here was likely to 



62 BUGLE ECHOES 

be trouble to Mower's taste. As the enemy advanced the 
skirmish line was driven back. Mower's horse was shot 
under him and he was made a prisoner. On came the Con- 
federate lines only to be met by a cross fire from the Union 
batteries. The fight raged for a half hour when Van Dorn 
was sent whirling back. A rider, bare-headed, spurring his 
horse at furious pace, burst from the woods through the 
line of gray straight for the Union lines. From the wood 
blazed an hundred rifles. The rider reeled for a moment in 
his saddle, then righted himself and spurred onward. He 
had been shot in the neck. As he neared the lines he was 
recognized ; it was Mower. In the confusion of retreat he 
had seized the horse of a Confederate officer and, springing 
into the saddle, made for the National lines. Cheer followed 
cheer along the whole line. The "Eagle Brigade" was wild 
with joy. 

Charge and counter charge followed — feints to conceal 
the real point of attack while the Confederates were shifting 
their forces. Orderlies were dashing in every direction ; 
ammunition being distributed ; belts tightened and cartridge 
boxes adjusted; nervous oaths from men unused to utter 
them — just to show they were not afraid ; stern lips from 
which came no sound ; a stillness that spoke aloud ; the furies 
of hell were preparing for wild orgie on that second day at 
Corinth. 

The storm burst at about nine o'clock. After a heavy can- 
nonading, the Confederate forces advanced rapidly in wedge 
formation and drove straight for Davies. Grape and can- 
nister tore terrible lanes through the Confederate ranks, the 
gaps closed and the magnificent forces of gray swept on- 
ward. Seven Union batteries were in action, but the de- 
termined men of Arkansas, Texas and Mississippi never fal- 
tered. On they came over the fallen timbers. A field bat- 
tery followed their advancing line to within three hundred 
yards of Robinette, when a timely shell from Battery Wil- 
liams killed several of the gunners and horses and the guns 
were abandoned. 

The Confederates captured Fort Powell on Davies' right 
and fully twenty men reached Rosecrans' headquarters. 



BUGLE ECHOES 63 

There was work here for a portion of the "Eagle Brigade," 
and the 5th Minnesota went to it gallantly. Cheering and 
cheered they went in with a rush and pressed the enemy 
back. Fort Powell was retaken by the 56th Illinois, while 
Hamilton's guns poured in a steady fire, making fearful 
havoc in the retreating columns that were compelled to seek 
cover in the woods. 

Meanwhile Lovell made a terrific attack upon Fort 
Robinette. Within lay prone, Fuller's Ohio Brigade, the 
27th Ohio, and Mower's own regiment, the nth Missouri, 
in support. Upon the advancing lines the 47th were pour- 
ing a deadly enfilading fire with telling efifect, the guns of 
Robinette were double charged and the redoubt was a circle 
of flame. Magnificently mounted and bearing the Con- 
federate colors aloft, Colonel Rogers of Texas led the line 
of gray, led them to the very edge of the ditch which he 
was in the act of leaping when the Ohio Brigade arose and 
delivered a murderous fire, before which the Confederates re- 
coiled and the heroic Rogers fell ; the fighting was magnifi- 
cent and at the very muzzle of the guns. The line of gray 
was shattered and trembling, but still undaunted they ad- 
vanced to the assault. 

The nth Missouri and 27th Ohio poured in a storm of 
bullets and advanced at a charge. The 47th, beyond the 
line of the enemy's fire, were pouring lead into the foe as 
rapidly as they could load and fire. And now the entire line 
sweeps to the charge and the day is won. It is eighty rods 
to the woods and forty "grim dogs of war" are let loose 
to tear at their heels, and hundreds fall. In front of Fort 
Robinette the Confederate dead lay piled from three to 
seven deep ; for an hundred feet the bodies lay so close it 
was almost impossible to walk between them. The Confed- 
erate loss in killed, wounded and prisoners was over 9,000. 
The Union loss in the two days' battle and in the pursuit 
which followed was 2,363, of which number the "Eagle 
Brigade" lost 644, or more than one-quarter of the en- 
tire loss. 



64 BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER XV. 



After the battle — the pursuit — "Fresh Fish" — Governor 
Richard Yates — the sutler — Southard resigns — Bowen made 
Captain — The men of the "Eagle Brigade.' 



Dame gossip travels with full budget in time of war and 
in every army mess upon that first night of Corinth was told 
the fearful loss of the 47th Illinois. Colonel Robert G. 
Ingersoll was one of the first to call. At the Tishomingo 
House he stood beside the dead form of Thrush, his long 
time friend, and as he gazed at the still and placid features 
of the Christian soldier, his eyes filled with tears and he 
uttered such eloquent tribute as could fall only from the 
lips of the divinely gifted agnostic. Brothers both in great- 
nes of heart and nobleness of purpose. 

The buildings occupied as hospitals were crowded and 
the surgeons were busy. God knows how earnestly Lucas 
and Babb toiled those days and how many, though bearing 
the marks of agony for life, they saved from death and 
returned to their prairie homes. Litters were borne out 
with the dead and other litters borne in with the maimed. 
The men in gray, too, had mothers and sisters, wives and 
sweethearts, and for them must they have a care and right 
willingly it was given. Their clothing besmeared as of the 
shambles, they were a sorry sight, but their faces shone with 
earnest purpose, and let it be told for the comfort of those 
whose dear ones lie buried in Corinth's trenches, they 
spared not themselves in their endeavors to save. 

The Chaplain, too, was not idle. From cot to cot he 
passed, administering consolation to the dying, taking last 
messages and carefully sealing the little keep-sakes that were 
to be sent home to the little city nestling beside the twin 




SURGEON GEORGE L- LUCAS. 



Appointed August 14, 1861. 

Appointed Division Surgeon, April 7, 1863. 

Transferred to Army Cumberland, Rome, Georgia, July 25. 1864. 

Mustered out, September 19. Is64. 



BUGLE ECHOES 65 

lakes in Illinois. Yes, big red-whiskered Hazen, God's 
gentle minister, was busy then and his tender heart was full 
with conipassion and sorrow. 

Out in the field the dead lay. They must be buried, and 
soon; for death was holding high carnival and festering 
bodies breed fevers — ministers to death. The living met 
this unseen foe with pick and spade and the long trenches 
were soon filled with blue and gray shrouded in army blan- 
kets. The army "ghouls" had not been absent and the pity- 
ing stars had seen the despoilers strip immortal heroes of 
every vestige of value. The battle line, rifle in hand, holds 
not the dread that does a burial detail. 

The battle closed ; the enemy in retreat, those fit for ser- 
vice numbered, details for guard and hospital service made, 
cartridge boxes and haversacks were refilled, and the pur- 
suit commenced. 

October 5th was the Lord's Day, and he was with Rose- 
crans. The retreating army was hard pressed ; their entire 
train was abandoned, wagons, mules, horses, ammunition, 
quartermaster's and commissary's stores were strewn for 
miles and became the spoil of the Union troops. Prisoners 
were taken and passed to the rear. For over forty miles 
the chase continued. Two hundred Confederates under a' 
flag of truce came in to aid in burying their dead. 

The Hatchie River was reached on the 6th, where a 
halt was made to rebuild a bridge, burned to check pursuit. 
Guns, cartridge boxes, knapsacks and camp equipage lined 
the road, cast aside by the wearied soldiery of the Con- 
federacy. 

The "Eagle Brigade" followed the flight of the defeated 
army to Owl Creek, three miles beyond Ripley, where a 
halt was made. At midnight, October loth, in the midst of 
a driving rain, the brigade started toward Rienzi, march- 
ing twelve miles, when a two hours' halt was made for 
breakfast ; then nine miles north on the Kossuth Road 
toward Corinth. 



66 BUGLE ECHOES 

From dame rumor's budget a story came that Price had 
been re-inforced and that the "boys in blue" were again on 
the defensive. Another twelve miles on the nth to the 
Tuscumbia River and camp made five miles from Corinth. 
The 1 2th saw the regiment once more in the town. 

To a regiment decimated and worn to a frazzle, what a 
goodly sight are the recruits — "fresh fish." They came to 
the 47th at Corinth. Clothed in the rich apparel of new sup- 
plies and mother's nice shirts and socks from home, muskets 
new and bright, what a fine plucking for the veterans! 
Recruits have no right to feel aggrieved at their despoil- 
ment. The seasoned soldier has marched and fought 
ragged and dirty. The recruits shall now wear the garments 
which he has worn upon fields of glory, and the veteran will 
array himself with the fresh unlaureled garmenture of 
home. This makes honors even and the recruit is amalga- 
mated to perfected soldier. 

It takes long to untangle the snarl of a campaign. The 
Union wounded were sent north for fried chicken, butter, 
eggs and sweet cream and the smiles and tender comfortings 
of love. Trains bearing flags of truce bore the Confederate 
wounded to luka towards odors of pine, magnolia and 
orange bloom ; in prisons — both gray and blue. The dead, 
too, were imcovered and sent away in casket and pine box 
to awaiting friends. One of these caskets bore Colonel 
Thrush, and now loving hands chaplet his grave in beautiful 
Springdale at Peoria upon each recurring Memorial Day. 

October 20th was made memorable by a visit from Gov- 
ernor Richard Yates, Illinois' War Governor, whose clear 
intellect, firmness of character and devotion to the welfare of 
the Illinois boys in the field, has left him an endearing 
place in their hearts forever. 

A distinctive feature of the Anglo-Saxon character is fair 
play. The sutler's tent (they call them army canteens now) 
was a popular place and the regimental sutler usually got 
the lion's share from the Army Paymaster, but woe betide 
that sutler if the boys ever got an idea that he wasn't "toting 
fair." A detail of twenty men guarded the sutler's tent at 
Corinth. 



BUGLE ECHOES 6/ 

Work upon the fortifications continued. Trees were 
felled, barricades erected, earth-works thrown up and rifle 
pits dug, and so day by day went merrily on war's work. 

On the 2d of November, 1862, the brigade with a large 
force under command of General Hamilton went to Grand 
Junction, Tennessee, making a fatiguing march of fifty 
miles, bivouacing there in a large cotton field. Major Crom- 
well was still absent, a paroled prisoner of war, and General 
Grant detailed Colonel Williams of the regular army to com- 
mand the regiment. Captain Southard of Company "A" 
resigried, as did also Chaplain Hazen. The old "he turkey," 
John Bowen, was elected Captain of Company "A," to fill 
the vacancy created by Southard's resignation. 

November 17th camp was moved to Wolf Creek. A 
grist mill was found there that had been lending aid and 
comfort to the enemy and it was seized and utilized in 
grinding corn and good "con pone" became part of the 
brigade menu. 

It has always in all wars been an affectation upon the 
part of some regiments to call themselves the "bloody 
fiftieth," or the "fighting ninetieth." These terms were 
never adopted by the regiments of the "Eagle Brigade." 
With them fighting wa? merely a part of their business. If 
they were ever "bloody," fighting meant to kill or be killed, 
and they preferred to fire low and kill. Of Rosecrans' army 
of 20,000 at Corinth, this little handful of men sujfifered 
nearly one-quarter of the entire loss of that fiercely fought 
battle of two days. The nth Missouri was one of the 
heaviest losers during the war, fifty per cent of their num- 
ber being either killed or wounded. These men were the 
plain simple-minded men of the Illinois and Iowa prairies, 
Wisconsin farmers and pioneers, half-breed Indian hunters 
and woodmen from the Minnesota pineries. To them "war 
was hell," and they tried to keep the particular furnace, en- 
trusted to their care, at white heat. Their one aflfectation, 
and it was the envy of the army, was "Old Abe," the eagle 
of the 8th. 



68 BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER XVI. 



Commencing Vickshurg Campaign — The "Eagle Brigade" 
in advance — negro labor paid — Holly Springs — on half 
rations — cut off — the 126th Illinois — the wagon train — 
stalled in the mud — the army paymaster — a horse race. 

V 

The very day the brigade left Corinth (November 2, i86ft) 
a part of General C. S. Hamilton's command, Grant com- 
menced his campaign against Vicksburg. Upon that day he 
telegraphed to Washington, *T have commenced a move- 
ment on Grand Junction with three divisions from Corinth 
and two from Bolivar; will leave here (Jackson, Tenn.) to- 
morrow and take command in person. If found practicable 
I will go to Holly Springs and maybe to Grenada, complet- 
ing railroad and telegraph as I go." 

General McPherson was in command of the left wing, 
General C. S. Hamilton of the center and General Sherman 
was at Memphis with the right wing ; the whole of the 
available moving force being about 30,000 men. 

The brigade remained at Wolf Creek until the 28th, when 
it took up the line of march southward through Holly 
Springs and Waterford to Oxford, Miss., which was reached 
December 13th — They were the advance of Grant's army. 

Negroes of all ages and both sexes were flocking into the 
Union lines by thousands, and Grant was putting them to 
work picking corn and cotton and fixing the price for their 
labor — the first money ever earned by them as independent, 
free men and women. 

December 20th the news of the capture of Holly Springs by 
Van Dorn reached Oxford. The daring Confederate raider, 
General N. B. Forrest, made a raid at the same time upon. 



BUGLE ECHOES 69 

the railroad between Columbus, Ky., and Jackson, Tenn., 
cutting off all communication north. 

On the 2 1st the army commenced a retrogade movement 
towards Holly Springs, and that night the 47th camped six 
miles north of Oxford and were issued half rations. The 
next day they crossed the Tallahatchee River, camping near 
Waterford, and were reduced to one cracker a day. On the 
23d and 24th they lay behind breastworks made of cotton 
bales and Christmas day marched north through Holly 
Springs, which had been abandoned by Van Dorn, after de- 
stroying all supplies, and camped at Cold water. 

The 26th found them camped at Davis' Mills, on Wolf 
Creek, cold, wet and hungry. The enemy were keeping up 
the interest by continual attacks upon points north along the 
line of the Mississippi Central Railroad, all of which were 
repulsed. Shut off from all news, rumors of every kind 
found ready credence and the most cheering one announced 
the fall of Richmond. 

The loss of Holly Springs with its immense store of sup- 
plies seemed irreparable. Tt proved a blessing. Foraging 
upon the enemy's country became a necessity. For fifteen 
miles east and west Grant levied tribute of forage and 
food and learned that an army might subsist without a base 
of supplies and demonstrated the feasibility of Grant's 
second Vicksburg campaign and of Sherman's future famous 
"March to the Sea." The greater part of the Division was 
pushed north in pursuit of Van Dorn, but the 47th was left 
as a part of the train guard. New Year's eve the boys re- 
ceived the first mail they had received in three weeks. 

January i, 1863, found them still at Davis' Mills; the 
day being celebrated by two calls, one before daylight, to 
repulse attacks that failed to materialize. All day the 2d 
they were kept under arms and on the 3d they marched 
through rain and mud to Grand Junction, Tenn. Upon 
this march they were joined by the 126th Illinois, just ar- 
rived from home, and they were consequently "fresh fish," 
upon whom were cast devouring eyes. The veterans knew 
well what would follow new troops upon their first severe 



70 BUGLE ECHOES 

march and, although the days were raw and cold, their 
old and dirty overcoats were left strewn along the line of 
march. It was not long before the raw levies became jaded 
and tired. They were footsore and weary and all unneces- 
sary garments were ruthlessly cast aside. Overheated, there 
was no thought of future cold, and their new overcoats went 
the way of the old ones of the veteran troops. The boys of 
the 47th picked them up. 

January 6th the railroads were again operated and trains 
run to Jackson, Corinth, Holly Springs and Memphis. 

The 7th was spent in work upon the stockades at Grand 
Junction. January 8th the 47th Illinofs, 8th Wisconsin, and 
nth Missouri, and several batteries were detailed to guard 
the division wagon trains, marching ten miles north and 
camping near Bolivar. 

The wagon train of an army is a picturesque sight ; im- 
mense wagons covered with canvas loaded with supplies 
stretching for miles, winding along the road. Attached to 
every wagon a team of six mules and seated upon the left 
rear mule the driver, guiding his team with a single line and 
a blacksnake whip. For five or ten miles nothing but gleam- 
ing white canvas, dust and phantom forms of the train 
guards trudging beside, in the far distance a silver thread, 
a stream into which they plunge and cross and wind out of 
sight behind the hills beyond. Nearer — confusion and a tan- 
gle ; mules of one team inextricably mixed with the mules 
of another term. Hoarse cries and the cracking of the black- 
snakes wielded by experts, who can fleck a fly from the 
ear of the far leader; oaths that are so earnest they lack 
profanity ; oaths that are poems, so picturesque their garb, 
and out of disorder comes order and the near teams move 
on and mingle with those that disappear in the distance. 

Oh, but it was good to hear "Tom Keady" and "Buck 
Dixon" and "Pat Drum" when the wagons were stalled in 
the mud and it required the shoulders of the team guard 
at the wheels. A pull of the line and a doubling of the 
team till the leaders were at the fore wheels and then a 
straightening out, the driver rising in his stirrups, a crack 



BUGLE ECHOES 7I 

of the whip, a few choice expletives well understood by the 
mules as only loving caresses, a straining and a creaking 
and the wagon shoots forward to soon plunge into another 
rut and so forward slowly, mile by mile, upon the rainy days. 

On the night of the 8th of January the train was stalled 
in the mud halfway between Bolivar and Bethel ; nothing 
but bog for miles. Slowly they moved forward, when they 
moved at all ; hour after hour went by and there was a 
dogged-sullen silence. Although an army was moving, an 
enemy a few rods away might never have discovered it. 
Men slept marching. In the midst of such misery the 
silence of the night was broken by a shrill voice from the 
rear, evidently that of an old Mississippi River man, "one- 
quarter less twain ;" further forward an answering cry, "five 
feet," and then from the front the comforting assurance, "No 
bottom." 

Rations were scarce and the boys were hungry that night. 
There was no shelter from the rain save the brush beside 
the road, and there they crouched and waited for dawn. 

Eight miles were made on the loth and camp made in 
the pine woods. General A. J. Smith here assumed com- 
mand of the Division. Passing through Bethel and Purdy, 
the command reached Corinth on the 13th. 

The rainfall was incessant, the mud was deep in the 
tents and it was too wet and cold for sleep. Wood was 
brought in and great fires kindled. Amid such surroundings 
the boys of Bowen's Company "A" had a "spelling bee." 
The night of the i6th brought a severe frost and the mud 
and rain gave way to solid earth and the discomforts of a 
"freeze." 

"Uncle Sam" is a prompt paymaster and whenever pos- 
sible the troops were paid every two months, but at this 
time he had not been around for seven months. A private's 
pay was sixteen dollars per month. The Paymaster came 
the middle of January, and the boys were flush. One's 
soul is laid bare to his comrades of the army and pay-day 
furnished the means for gratification of impulses, good and 
bad, that sought no concealment. Poker and "chuck-a-luck" 



^2. BUGLE ECHOES 

games found their patrons ; lotteries were put in operation 
and theatricals given ; whiskey brought into camp in musket 
barrels and concealed in loaves of bread. The boys had 
money and the Colonel was absent on detached service. 
What a splendid opportunity to match his big bay against 
the gray mare of the 2d Iowa battery. They had been ach- 
ing to do it for weeks. The affair was soon arranged. A 
judicious use of whiskey and a "fiver" fixed the Colonel's 
hostler and brought forth the big bay. 

The course was straight away for half a mile down the 
street. Bets were laid without odds. When the money was 
exhausted up went shirts, socks, blankets, every article of a 
soldier's apparel or need until there was nothing more to 
bet with and then the race commenced. All was excite- 
ment ; the bay took the lead from the start. The 47th boys 
were jubilant. Half way down the course a cinder path 
crossed the road ; the bay jumped it, ruptured a blood 
vessel and dropped dead. The gray mare was the victor. 
The 47th boys were penniless, shirtless, sockless, while the 
Battery boys reveled in a wealth of pelf. When the Colonel 
returned the hostler was tied up by the thumbs for two 
hours. This incident did not happen at Corinth, but later. 
I have preferred to enter it here. 




"CONTRABAND OK WAR." 

In the early days of the Civil war, upon the theory that slaves were pri- 
vate property, it was customary to return those who came into the Union 
lines to their masters upon demand. The Confederates used them upon forti- 
fications and in the performance of manual labors; thus relieving the white 
troops. It remained for (ieneral Benjamin F. Butler, of Massachusetts to 
place them in a proper light. "These men are contraband of war, set them 
to work." This course met the approval of the government. It was a most 
effective stroke and thence forward fugitive slaves became "contraband of 
war." 

"Ned," (Edward Jones), was a "Contraband'' who came into the camp of 
the 47th Illinois at Tuscumbia, Ala., in 1862, and became company cook for 
Captain Harman Andrews, Company ' H," remaining with it until its muster 
out in October. 1864. He then enlisted in the 3d U. S, colored heavy artillery 
and was stationed at K t, Pii-kens until ihe close of the war. 

He is now considerably over seventy years of age. and resides in Peoria, 
Illinois. 

May 1905. 



BUGLE ECHOES 73 



CHAPTER XVII. 



Grant at Memphis — Ridgezuay Station — a period of de- 
pression — resolutions denouncing Illinois legislature — sani- 
tary supplies — "Queen of the West" — return of Colonel 
Cromwell and Captain Andrezvs — Helena, Arkansas — 
"Chuck-a-luck" Island — Duckport, Louisiana — running the 
blockade. 



January loth, 1863, Grant removed his headquarters to 
Memphis, Tenn. From there he went to Napolean, Ark., to 
visit and make a personal inspection of conditions in that 
section where Generals J. A. McClernand, W. T. Sherman 
and Admiral Porter were operating, and while there 
ordered McClernand, who was in command, to take his 
entire force to Young's Point and Milliken's Bend. Re- 
turning to Memphis, Grant ordered the line of the Missis- 
sippi Central Railroad abandoned, but held on to the 
Memphis and Charleston Railroad. All the garrisons upon 
the Mississippi River between Cairo and Memphis, with 
the exception of that at Columbus, Ky., were withdrawn 
and all the troops and guns from the deserted points sent 
to the front. 

On the 29th Grant arrived at Young's Point, and as- 
sumed command upon the following day. January 24th 
the 47th left Corinth by rail and went to Germantown, 
Tenn., fourteen miles from Memphis, and went into camp 
three miles west of there, upon the Memphis and Charleston 
Railroad at Ridgeway Station. While the regiment was at 
Ridgeway Station it was visited by Colonel Bryner, whose 
interest and love for his old command never lessened, and 
many were the good things he brought from home to the 
boys. The time at Ridgeway Station was employed in 



74 BUGLE ECHOES 

building a stockade to repel attack. Officers visited Mem- 
phis at every opportunity. School books were sent for and 
every chance sought to continue the education so suddenly 
abandoned when came the call for soldiers to defend the 
Union. Dress parade and drill were resumed. Negroes 
came in from along the line of the railroad in droves. The 
regiment at this time had 550 fit for duty, while 260 were 
absent, sick mostly, in the hospitals. 

At this period the loyal men in the North were greatly 
dispirited. The Democratic party had declared the war a 
failure and carried the elections. Peace was demanded at 
any price. Voluntary enlistment had almost ceased and 
draft had been resorted to. The draft was bitterly de- 
nounced by the Democratic Press in the North. Forcible 
opposition was advocated and resulted, a few months later, 
in fearful riots in New York City and a heavy loss of life. 
Many a brave boy, not only in the 47th, but in every regi- 
ment in the field, marched and fought, footsore, sick and 
half starved, received his pay in Government Notes worth 
forty cents to the dollar and sent it home to suffering 
mother or sister, while professing friends in the North were 
writing him that the war was a failure ; that it was an 
"abolition war" and that the South could never be con- 
quered and urging him to desert. Thank God, scarcely one 
proved recreant. 

The 47th made answer on February 17, 1863, when they 
adopted a set of ringing resolutions upholding every act 
of President Lincoln and Governor Richard Yates, and de- 
nouncing in scathing terms the Southern sympathizers in 
the Illinois Legislature. 

Sanitary supplies from the United States Sanitary Com- 
mission, that wonderful auxiliary of loyal citizens who took 
it upon themselves to systematically supply comforts to the 
nation's defenders, were received by the 47th at Ridgeway 
Station, and visitors from home were not infrequent. One 
delegation came from Toulon to visit Company "K." 

While at Ridgeway news was received of the sinking of 
the "Queen of the West" by the Confederates. The "Queen 



BUGLE ECHOES 75 

of the West" was the old "Alec Scott," so long the war 
home of the 47th. This vessel was afterwards raised by the 
Confederates and performed service in their fleet. 

March 5th Colonel Cromwell, who had been captured at 
luka, and Captain Andrews, who had been wounded and 
captured at Corinth, rejoined the regiment, having been 
exchanged and released from parole. 

The 47th lay at Ridgeway Station guarding the railroad 
from January 25th until March nth, when they moved west 
by rail and camped a short distance back of Memphis, where 
the Brigade was once more united. On the 12th the Brigade 
was embarked on three steamers, the 47th upon the "Em- 
press" at the Memphis wharf, and with a large fleet of 
steamers and transports moved down the Mississippi River, 
reaching Helena, Ark., the morning of the i8th. Here the 
Peoria Battery was found and old acquaintances renewed. 

The post at Helena was garrisoned by troops under com- 
mand of General B. M. Prentiss. While on shore leave 
some of the troops from the fleet became involved in an 
altercation with some of the garrison. It all started simply 
enough — a squad had entered a bakery to buy bread, which 
was refused, as the baker was under contract to supply the 
garrison and could not spare it. Men engaged in a severe 
campaign are not apt to be in the best of humor, and illy 
comprehend the justice of well garrisoned troops eating soft 
bread while they must live upon "hard tack" and pickled 
pork, particularly as "Uncle Sam" was paying for both. 
The bread was seized forcibly, trouble commenced, spread 
and soon became general. The Provost Guard was ordered 
out and Prentiss appeared upon the scene in person ; rocks, 
coal and clubs flew thick, a piece of coal striking Prentiss 
upon the head. The guns of the garrison were ordered 
trained. The boats backed out from shore, leaving many 
behind, and this prompt action prevented what for a time 
promised serious consequences. Forty years later the boys 
are laughing over this aflfair. 

That night the boats tied up twelve miles down the river 
on the Arkansas side, opposite Yazoo Pass, and the next 
morning the 47th were camped upon the sandy shore in 
new wedge tents. 



'](i BUGLE ECHOES 

The time spent at "Chuck-a-Luck Island," for so the boys 
named it, was a dismal time, filled with forebodings and 
gloom. Crowded in narrow quarters between the Missis- 
sippi River and a black bayou were tents, wagons, cannons, 
mules and men ; the campaign against Vicksburg thus far a 
failure ; small-pox and measles raging ; toads, lizards and 
snakes infesting the soldiers' quarters ; everybody suffering 
from malaria. 

The Northern papers were filled with denunciations of 
Grant, calling him insufficient, incompetent and unfit to 
command. All this was disheartening, but was not suffi- 
cient to break the dauntless courage of Grant's magnificent 
army of veterans. The boys learned the taste of 'possum, 
which was caught in the woods and baked negro fashion. 
They saw Ellet's "Mosquito" fleet pass down the river ; 
watched the rising waters of the Mississippi encroach upon 
their narrow quarters, crowding them still more ; received 
new "gum" blankets and welcomed a new chaplain. Rev. 
Hiram Doane, who succumbed and died from the fatigues of 
this campaign at Vicksburg four months later. 

Constant efforts were being made to get transports 
through the Yazoo and down the river below Vicksburg. 
This route was grown with dense timber for miles, and the 
army was engaged in clearing it away. As the transports 
advanced, the enemy felled trees across the way behind 
them to prevent their return and planted batteries to check 
the advance. This plan was finally abandoned. 

The 47th, with the "Eagle Brigade," remained at "Chuck- 
a-Luck" Island until March 29tli, when it embarked aboard 
the steamer "Gray Eagle," and accompanied by four other 
steamers bearing the rest of the brigade.started down the 
river. The weather was cold and wet. The decks were 
crowded and the utmost discomfort prevailed. The vessels 
steamed down the river past Napoleon, Ark., and Lake 
Providence, La., a distance of 150 miles, and disembarked 
fifteen miles below the latter place. On the 31st they 
re-embarked and proceeded 142 miles to Young's Point, be- 
low the mouth of the Yazoo River, and disembarked at 
Duckport, La. 



BUGLE ECHOES '^'J 

The month of April was spent at Duckport in digging 
upon the canal, doing guard duty, building roads, loading 
hay and bags of sand upon flat boats that were to be used 
to protect the fleet in running the Confederate Batteries. 

On the 7th Dr. George L. Lucas was made Division Sur- 
geon, a well merited appointment and a deserved promotion. 

On the 13th the "Eagle Brigade" was assigned as the 2d 
Brigade, ist Division, 15th Army Corps, General Joseph 
Mower in command of the Brigade, General J. M. Tuttle 
commanding the Division and General W. T. Sherman the 
Corps. 

The cannonading in the direction of Vicksburg was con- 
stant. On the night of the i6th Admiral David I. Porter's 
fleet ran the Batteries. Immense fires built by the Confeder- 
ates along the banks of the river lighted up the scene. For 
an hour and a half the Confederate Batteries poured shot 
and shell upon the swift speeding fleet and Porter's guns 
returned answer. The only damage done the Union fleet 
was the sinking of the transport "Harry Clay." While at 
Duckport the aesthetic taste of the 47th boys found vent in 
the planting of evergreens and flowers in front of their tents. 



78 BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



Hard times landing — an odd ammunition train — skirmish 
at Raymond — rain and mud — Jackson, Mississippi — a brisk 
fight — the 42th first in — a goodly capture — a conference of 
the Generals — Sherman's report — Death of Colonel Crom- 
well. 



On May 2d the Brigade, with Tuttle's Division, broke 
camp and marched along the Duckport Canal en route for 
Hard Times landing, a short distance below Vicksburg. 
The march was through immense cotton plantations, camp 
being made the night of the 3d on Smith's plantation and 
upon Perkin's plantation the night of the 5th. 

May 7th troops were crossing the river all day to Grand 
Gulf upon steamers and gunboats that had run the blockade 
above. 

The Union army was now well established upon the east 
side of the Mississippi River below Vicksburg, and moving 
towards its rear. 

Grant had retained but a single narrow line of communi- 
cation for his supplies, and the army was largely dependent 
upon the country for support. Every available vehicle had 
been pressed into service to carry forward ammunition. 
Ambulances, landaus, cotton wagons and carriages to which 
were attached oxen, mules and horses with nondescript 
harness of all sorts bore their load of ammunition. 

On the 8th the Brigade marched over the roughest and 
hilliest of roads moving towards Jackson, Miss. During 
this advance they passed through Willow Spnngs and 
Rocky Springs. 



BUGLE ECHOES 79 

The nth found them near the Confederate pickets. Trees 
had been felled across the road to impede progress. Burned 
bridges had to be rebuilt and skirmishing was of frequent 
occurrence. 

On the 13th they passed through Raymond, skirmishing 
as they advanced, and driving the enemy before them to 
Mississippi Springs, where the night was spent. The weather 
was tempestuous and when the march was resumed in the 
morning the roads were muddy and the rain falling in tor- 
rents. Two and a half miles from Jackson the enemy were 
found in force. At lo o'clock the guns of McPherson were 
heard to the left from the Clinton Road. At the same time 
the enemy opened fire from a battery stationed near a small 
bridge, in Sherman's front. Mower's Brigade was ordered 
to deploy to the left of the road, while C. L. Matthies' 
Brigade took the right, R. P. Buckland's Brigade in sup- 
port ; the Waterhouse Battery and Spoor's 2d Iowa Battery 
occupied commanding positions, and in less than half an 
hour had silenced the enemy's guns. The Confederate force 
retired into the woods which skirted the intrenchments at 
Jackson. The "Eagle Brigade" pressed on and drove the 
Confederate troops, chiefly from Georgia and North Caro- 
lina, into their works. Crossing the bridges and emerging 
from the woods, far away to the left, could be seen a line of 
intrenchments, bristling with guns behind, which pressed 
the intense, earnest faces of a brave soldiery. A brisk fire 
from their guns which enfiladed the road was opened and 
continued for some time. 

General Frederic Steele's Division had made a detour to 
the right, flanking the enemy and entering their intrench- 
ments without opposition. As soon as the cheers of his 
men were heard, Tuttle's Division, with the "Eagle Brigade" 
in the lead, advanced at a charge. The enemy hurriedly left 
their guns and fled by the Clinton Road. 

In this charge Companies "A" and "B" of the 47th were 
among the first to enter the enemy's works. The results 
of this battle were the capture of eighteen guns and vast 
stores of ammunition, clothing, arms and provisions. The 



80 BUGLE ECHOES 

Confederates lost in killed, wounded and prisoners, 845 ; the 
Union loss was 290 ; the loss of the 47th being four and that 
of the nth Missouri, nine. 

Mower was placed in command at Jackson, and the Brig- 
ade performed provost duty in the captured capital as a 
compliment to their gallantry. 

That night Grant learned that General Joseph Johnston 
had arrived and assumed command of the Confederate 
forces in that department and had ordered Pemberton to 
leave Vicksburg and attack the Union army. Grant met 
Sherman and McPherson at the hotel near the State House 
and gave them orders to destroy the railroad and all prop- 
erty belonging to the enemy. 

General Sherman says : "Accordingly on the morning of 
the i6th of May, Steele's Division was set to work to de- 
stroy the railroad property to the south and east, including 
Pearl River bridge ; and Tuttle's Division, that to the north 
and west. This work of destruction was well accomplished 
and Jackson, as a railroad center or Government depot of 
stores and military factories, can be of little use to the 
enemy for six months. The railroads were destroyed by 
burning the ties and warping the iron. I estimate the de- 
struction of the roads, four miles east of Jackson, three 
south, three north and ten west." 

In Jackson the Arsenal Buildings, the Government Foun- 
dry, the Gun Carriage Establishment, including the car- 
riages for two complete six-gun batteries, stable, carpenter 
and paint shops, were destroyed. The penitentiary was 
burned, I think, by some convicts who had been set free by 
the Confederate authorities ; also a very valuable cotton 
factory. This factory was the property of the Messrs. 
Greene, who made strong appeals, based on the fact that it 
gave employment to very many females and poor families, 
and that, although it had woven cloth for the enemy, its 
principal use was in weaving cloth for the people. But I 
decided that machinery of that kind could so easily be con- 
verted into hostile uses that the United States could better 
aflford to compensate the Messrs. Greene for their property 




CHAPLAIN JEREMIAH HAZEN. 
Appointed September iO, 1861. Resigned Nov. 1, 1862. 




ADJUTANT JAMES B. AUTEN. 

Enlisted as private Co. C, Aug. 18, 1861. Promoted Corporal [Feb. 22, 1864. 
Promoted Adjutant Oct. 11, 1864. Mustered out Jan, 21, 1866. 



BUGLE ECHOES 8l 

and feed the poor families thus thrown out of employment 
than to spare the property. I, therefore, assured all such 
families, if want should force them, they might come to the 
river, where we would feed them until they could find 
employment or seek refuge in some more peaceful land. 
Other buildings were destroyed in Jackson by some mis- 
chievous soldiers (who could not be detected) which was 
not justified by the rules of war, including the Catholic 
Church and the Confederate Hotel, the former resulting 
from accidental circumstances and the latter from malice. 

General Mower occupied the town with his brigade and 
two companies of cavalry, and maintained as much order as 
he could among the mass of soldiers and camp followers that 
thronged the place during our short stay there ; yet many 
acts of pillage occurred that I regret, arising from the effect 
of some bad rum found concealed in the stores of the town. 

On the morning of the i6th I received a note from Gen- 
eral Grant, written at Clinton, reporting the enemy advanc- 
ing from Edwards' Depot, and ordering me to put in motion 
one of my Divisions toward Bolton, and to follow with the 
other as soon as I had completed the work of destruction 
ordered. 

Steele's Division marched at lo A. M. and Tuttle's fol- 
lowed at noon. As the march would necessarily be rapid, 
I ordered General Mower to parole the prisoners of war 
and to evacuate Jackson as the rear of Tuttle's Division 
passed out. I paroled these prisoners because the wounded 
men of McPherson's Corps had been left in a hospital in 
charge of Surgeon Hewitt to the mercy of the enemy that I 
knew would re-enter Jackson as we left." 

At luka Colonel Cromwell had been captured by the Con- 
federates. The night after the battle was exceedingly dark, 
and Cromwell, ever vigilant, had gone out to make a per- 
sonal inspection of the pickets. Becoming lost in the dark- 
ness, he wandered into an enemy's picket and was made 
prisoner. After his release he said that never again would 
he be taken alive, and the vow was only too well kept. As 
the rear guard left Jackson, Cromwell's solicitude for the 

-6 



82 BUGLE ECHOES 

wounded and sick left behind impelled him to return for a 
last word of comfort to those who would soon be prisoners 
as he himself had once been. Finishing his mission of 
mercy he started after the retiring Union columns. As he 
rode down the main street in Jackson a squadron of Captain 
McLane's Company of Wert Adams Confederate cavalry 
came dashing down a side street, and catching sight of the 
daring young Colonel, called upon him to surrender. Half 
turning in his saddle, with a laugh upon his lips, he shook 
his head in answer and setting spurs deep in his horse's 
sides, sprang ahead. Instantly carbines were leveled, a flash 
and volley and the heroic form of Cromwell, pierced by a 
dozen bullets, lay rolling in the dust. Popular throughout 
the whole brigade, brave, generous and handsome, he was 
one of the noblest of men and best of soldiers. 



BUGLE ECHOES 83 



CHAPTER XIX. 



Champion's Hill — bridging the Big Black River — living 
off the enemy — in front of Vicksburg — the ipth of May, '6^ 
— assault of May 22nd — under a terrible fire — "Have you a 
brigade that can carry that point?" — Mower sent for — "/ 
can try" — "This is murder; order those troops back" — 
Major McClure sent with orders — Saves "Old Abe" and the 
8th — Heavy losses. 



While Sherman was destroying the railroads and store 
houses at Jackson, Grant had pushed forward towards 
Vicksburg and fought the bloody engagement at Champion's 
Hill with Pemberton, who had come out from Vicksburg to 
meet him. Defeated, Pemberton retired towards his strong- 
hold, but paused to try another bout at Black River, but was 
again defeated ; and burning the bridges behind him, re- 
entered Vicksburg. 

That night the "Eagle Brigade" arrived and camped upon 
the bank of the Big Black. Grant had three bridges built 
across the river ; one of rafts, another by felling trees upon 
either side of the river so that in falling their limbs inter- 
laced and placing planks upon top of these, and the third 
was made of cotton bales ; Sherman placing a pontoon 
bridge farther up the river. All that night (17th) by the 
light of pine torches these bridges were being placed and the 
army crossing. Grant and Sherman sitting upon a log watch- 
ing the work as it proceeded. By morning all the troops had 
crossed and Grant, on the morning of the 19th, had Vicks- 
burg closely invested. 

The 47th, with the rest of the Brigade, was left at the 
pontoon bridge, charged with the important work of pro- 
tecting and taking it up after the army had crossed. They 



84 BUGLE ECHOES 

brought up with them twelve guns and 300 prisoners. For 
three weeks the army had been subsisting upon five days' 
rations and what the country suppHed, and it now became 
necessary to build roads and connect with the line of sup- 
plies from the Yazoo. Grant was holding a line from the 
Yazoo to Warrenton, twenty miles in length. He had an 
army of only about thirty thousand men. Before him lay 
the embattled heights of Vicksburg stretching for eight 
miles, manned by a veteran soldiery. In his rear was John- 
ston, from whom an attack might be expected at any mo- 
ment. 

In the North was a large hostile press and party. Never 
was indomitable courage and perseverance turned to better 
purpose than Grant's at Vicksburg. 

On the 19th an assault was ordered and a severe struggle 
took place, but the assault failed and the Union loss was 
severe. Tuttle's Division was not in this assault, having 
been held in reserve. 

That night the 47th arrived, having been relieved from 
duty at Black River. Grant immediately commenced prep- 
arations for a second assault. Admiral Porter had three 
gunboats shelling the Confederate water batteries, and all 
night long on the night of the 21st and 22d mortars 
were tossing their missiles into the doomed city. The can- 
nonading upon both sides was continuous, and sharpshooters 
were upon the alert for victims. It was a fearful time in 
the city — grand, impressive, picturesque to the besieging 
army, to whom the whole scene was laid out in plain sight. 

The general assault was ordered for 10 o'clock the morn- 
ing of the 22nd. Ammunition was brought up, cartridge 
boxes filled, canteens replenished and in the rear more 
ominous preparations — buildings and tents made ready for 
the wounded, the country ransacked for blankets, sheets 
and bedding and the surgeons selecting eligible spots for 
the grim work which was coming. Batteries were placed 
upon commanding sites, and regiments, brigades and divi- 
sions moved into position. Promptly at 10 o'clock the 
assault commenced along the line of the enemy's entrench- 
ments. Not a head could be seen save of an occasional 



BUGLE ECHOES 8$ 

sharpshooter as he rose to fire. A line of skirmishers was 
thrown forward to keep down these foes, and a volunteer 
storming party advanced with poles and planks with which 
to cross the ditch. 

The 30th Ohio was in the lead of Ewing's Brigade, which 
led Sherman's advance ; following Ewing came the Brigades 
of Giles Smith and Kilby Smith. Five batteries of artillery 
were playing upon the enemy's works. 

For a time the advance was partially protected, and then 
it came to the top of a ridge exposed to the full fire from the 
enemy's works. From every part of the line rose the Con- 
federates in double rank and poured in a terrible fire ; grape 
and canister from the enemy's guns swept the ridge so clean 
that no living thing could pass it. The Union advance halted 
for a moment and then sought cover. The rear pressed on, 
but it, too, was obliged to find shelter. Pushing forward by 
an almost impassable ravine, the colors of the advance were 
planted close up to the Confederate works, but the line could 
get no further. 

Grant, Sherman and Tuttle were watching the assault 
from the shelter of a little knoll. At this moment a courier 
arrived from General McClernand with a dispatch saying 
that his flag was flying over Vicksburg. The report subse- 
quently proved to be untrue. Upon reading the dispatch, 
Grant, turning to Sherman, said, "Have you a brigade that 
can carry that point?" At the same time indicating the 
route followed by Ewing and Giles and Kilby Smith. "I 
have one that can do it if it can be done," was the reply. 
"Then send it in." 

Sherman directed Tuttle to send for Mower. When 
he reported Sherman said, "General Mower, can you carry 
those works?" Shaking his head from side to side in his 
peculiar way, he answered simply, "I can try." "Then do 
it," said Sherman. 

Covered by General Frank P. Blair's entire division de- 
ployed upon the hillsides, the artillery firing at point blank 
range, the "Eagle Brigade" advanced to the assault, the nth 
Missouri in the lead, the 47th following and they in turn 



86 BUGLE ECHOES 

followed by the 8th Wisconsin, "Old Abe" in their midst 
beside the colors, and the 5th Minnesota. As they reached 
the crown of the hill they met the same fate as those who 
had preceded them. Ninety-two of the nth Missouri went 
down beneath the enemy's fire and forty of the 47th, and all 
were obliged to seek cover. From their point of observation 
the three Union Generals were intently watching the desper- 
ate charge. Sherman's keen eye saw all and saw the impos- 
sibility of success. Addressing Tuttle he said, "This is 
murder; order those troops back." 

Major John D. McClure of the 47th, who was acting as 
Chief of Staff for Tuttle, was sent to recall the brigade. His 
route bore him directly under the enemy's fire for a quarter 
of a mile. As he ran across the storm-swept road the balls 
fell around him like hail, and spiteful little clouds of dust 
dogged his heels as the Confederate sharpshooters tried 
vainly to wing him. He reached the front just in time to 
halt the 8th Wisconsin, but too late to stop the two leading 
regiments, who were already over the hill and under cover 
beneath the Confederate works. In another moment the 8th 
and the old eagle would have been swept out of existence, as 
the Confederate guns had gotten range and swept every 
inch of the exposed spot. As it was the 8th lost twenty men 
and the 5th Minnesota ten. Mower planted his colors be- 
side those of Blair, where they remained until nightfall, 
when all the troops were recalled by Sherman's orders. In 
this charge Sergeant John Watts of Company "A" so dis- 
tinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry as to receive 
special mention in General Orders by General Tuttle. 

May 13th Sherman had said, "Our corps must be first in 
the breach ; Mower will take the advance," a splendid tribute 
to the "Eagle Brigade," a fearful price for renown. The 
loss to the National troops in this assault was over three 
thousand. 



BUGLE ECHOES 87 



CHAPTER XX. 



Settling dozvn to a siege — despair in the city — the Brigade 
goes to Haines Bluff — up the Yazoo — the fight at Richmond, 
Louisiana — Major McClure zvounded — watching the river — 
men of iron — Vicksburg surrendered — second battle at Jack- 
son, Mississippi — looting of Jackson — at Camp Sherman. 



Having demonstrated the impossibility of the capture of 
Vicksburg by assault, the army settled down to the slower 
process of reduction by siege. Porter's fleet patrolled the 
Mississippi River upon the west. Heavy siege guns sent 
tons of iron hurtling through the air into the doomed city ; 
great shells circling high, stooped and swept like birds of 
prey upon the starving people, whose refuge was in habita- 
tions dug in the clay hills. Mule meat became a welcome 
dish to those dwellers in caves. Day by day hope departed 
as the eager watchers upon Vicksburg's heights strained 
their eyes in vain for Johnston's relieving army which never 
came. The rain of fire from Grant and Sherman and Porter 
never ceased, and day by day the encircling lines moved 
closer and still closer. 

Marriages were made between those who might be parted 
by death within the hour. Children with noble names were 
born in those clay caves amid those awful portends of war. 
Presses still sent forth their daily newspapers printed upon 
wall paper. These were swapped at the outposts for coflfee 
and crackers, and the Union army was kept well informed 
of current events in the Confederate stronghold. Occasion- 
ally a man in the Union ranks was killed by a stray shot or a 
sharpshooter's quick rifle. Charles Stevens of the 77th Illi- 
nois, formerly of the 47th, was thus killed. 

A truce of two hours was had on the 25th in order to en- 
able both sides to bury their dead and remove the wounded. 



88 BUGLE ECHOES 

May 26th the "Eagle Brigade" moved with a large force 
towards Haines Bluff in search of General Johnston, who 
was reported to be advancing to attack Grant's force from 
the rear. No enemy being found except small scouting par- 
ties of Confederate cavalry, the command returned after 
destroying a large quantity of Confederate cotton and corn 
and capturing several hundred head of cattle. Upon its 
return to Vicksburg the 47th was sent across the Mississippi 
River to Young's Point. 

June 3rd the brigade embarked on transports . and pro- 
ceeded up the Yazoo River, convoyed by five gunboats, and 
landed eighty miles up the river. From there they marched 
towards Mechanicsburg, Miss., where the enemy were found 
one thousand strong, and after being shelled by the 2d Iowa 
battery was charged and defeated by the 8th Wisconsin, who 
led the column, and which was the only regiment engaged. 
Re-embarking on the 6th, the brigade returned to Young's 
Point. 

June 14th the brigade left Young's Point with Ellet's 
Marine Brigade and ten guns for a scout toward Richmond, 
La., a distance of eighteen miles. Here the enemy were 
found and routed after an engagement lasting two hours. 

During the Vicksburg campaign Charles A. Dana had 
been sent from Washington to take observations and report 
to the War Department. Of this expedition he writes : "Rich- 
mond, La., was destroyed by Mower on the 15th, after a 
skirmish with the force who lately attacked us at Milliken's 
Bend. Mower had his own force and Ellet's Marine Brig- 
ade with ten ^cannons. After a few shots the enemy fled 
and Mower burned every building which had sheltered them, 
bringing the few women and children who had been left in 
the place back with him to Milliken's Bend. Colonel Kilby 
Smith of the 15th Army Corps, who witnessed the late fight 
at Milliken's Bend, certified in an official statement that the 
rebels carried a black flag bearing a death's head and cross 
bones." 

It was the rule in marching that commands should rotate 
each day, the advance of one day being the rear upon the 
day following, yet it is noteworthy as showing Sherman's 




MAJOR RUSH W. CHAMBERS. 
Appointed Adjutant August 24, 1H61. Pronioted Major Oct. 3, 1862 Re- 
signed October 3T, 1862. 





MAJOR JOSEPH B. MILES. 

Appointed Captain Co. B- Aug. 25, 1861. 
Promoted Major May 16. 1863. Wounded. 
Lake Chicot, Ark.. June 6, 1864. Mustered 
out Oct. 11. 1864. 



ADJUTANT JOSEPH R. VAIL 

Enlisted as Corporal Co. D. Aug, K 
1861. Pronioted Sergeant Major,— Pre 
moted Adjutant Oct. 31, 1862. Discharge 
April 11, 1864. 



BUGLE ECHOES 89 

confidence in Mower that in advances at perilous times Sher- 
man was constantly issuing orders that Mower's Brigade 
was to take the advance. 

June 20th brought fresh misfortune to the 47th, and an- 
other brave officer was stricken. Major John D. McClure 
had been detached from the regiment and assigned to duty 
upon the staff of General Tuttle. He was given the delicate 
task of properly placing pickets so as to securely protect 
the National lines in front of Tuttle's command. While 
doing so they met the enemy suddenly and unexpectedly at 
close quarters. The Confederates opened fire and McClure 
fell, shot in the breast. For a time the wound was supposed 
to be mortal, but possessing a splendid physique and the 
purest of habits, he recovered sufficiently to again resume 
the field and serve his country faithfully until near the end. 
He still lives and preserves a bullet in his body as a memento 
of Vicksburg. 

June 2ist Grant wrote Porter: "I will direct Mower to 
keep a strong picket at the river in front of Vicksburg at 
night ; to place his batteries behind the levees or hold it in 
some good position, to be used if an attempt should be made 
to escape in that way. If possible, fix up material to light 
and illuminate the river, should a large number of boats 
attempt to come. I will direct General Mower to call upon 
you and consult as to the best plan for defeating this 
method of escape. You will find General Mower an intelli- 
gent and gallant officer, capable of carrying out any plan 
that may be adopted." 

The camp at Young's Point was unhealthy and the sick 
list was large. The fire from the Confederate shore batteries 
was annoying but harmless. For over forty days the brig- 
ade had been marching almost without rations, but living 
well by foraging ; had bivouacked without tents ; had been 
without change of clothing, many of the men shoeless ; had 
tramped in the mud, forded streams, fought desperate bat- 
tles and skirmished almost daily, and no man had been 
heard to utter a word of complaint. These were men of iron. 

The Confederates had intended to escape by means of 
the river on the night of the 21st, as anticipated by Grant. 



90 BUGLE ECHOES 

They had pulled down houses for the construction of boats 
and the men had been canvassed to see if they would stand 
to make the assault upon the "Yankees." They refused. 
Had they made the attempt they would have been sunk by 
Porter and Mower, or made prisoners upon the Louisiana 
shore. 

For forty-five days Pemberton struggled bravely and 
faithfully to hold Vicksburg, but all was in vain. The end 
came at last, and July 4, 1863, Vicksburg was surrendered 
to the Union army and fleet. Thirty-one thousand prisoners 
were taken, 172 cannon, 60,000 rifles and a large quantity 
of ammunition. 

Who wins dame fortune must be a swift mover, and Grant 
was no laggard. Johnston was at Jackson, and thither 
Sherman was directed without delay to drive him from the 
State, Steele and Ord being ordered to co-operate. 

July 8th Sherman's advance was within ten miles of the 
Mississippi capital and by the nth was shelling the town. 
The heat was intense, dust suffocating and water of the 
worst. On the 17th the town was evacuated. The capture 
of Jackson cost Sherman one thousand men killed, wounded 
and missing. 

Again Sherman's troops destroyed the railroads and 
everything that might prove of value to the Confederate 
forces. The demon of destruction having been loosed, the 
soldiery passed beyond control. Jackson became the prey 
of vandals, private residences were looted and such scenes 
enacted as disgraced the heroes of that matchless campaign 
that was sealed with the fall of Vicksburg. In this the old 
"Eagle Brigade" had no part. With strong hand they had 
repressed lawlessness when the Union army had the first 
time occupied the beautiful capital of Mississippi, but this 
time they were not present. 

On the 1 2th they had gone to Black River bridge to re- 
lieve McArthur's Division, and from there to Champion 
Hills, where they were stationed upon the i6th and 17th, 
returning to the Black River upon the 20th. On the 22nd 
it was at Messenger's Ferry and on the 27th it went to 
Bear Creek, where it established "Camp Sherman," remain- 
ing there until September 26th. 



BUGLE ECHOES 9! 



CHAPTER XXL 



Extracts from Keady's Diary — Guerilla bands — the veter- 
ans' indifference — foragers — expedition towards Brownsville 
— Death of Captain Gordon — aboard the "Continental" — At 
LaGrange — chasing Forrest — Mrs. McClure visits the 4'/th 
— Southern prisoners — Army punishments — Forrest again 
active. 



No better side light can be thrown upon daily life of the 
soldiers of the 47th at this time than by quoting from 
Keady's diary: 

"July I2th — Colonel Bryner came from Vicksburg to 
Division Headquarters near Jackson, Miss. 

July 15th — Major McClure got his commission as Colonel 
of the 47th. 

July 1 8th — Peter Ferree, Company "H," on detached ser- 
vice, died near Jackson. Colonel McClure marked the spot 
where he was buried by lettering a tree over the grave. 

July 24th — The 47th at Messenger's Ford on Black River. 
Chaplain Doane died upon Hospital Boat, also Henry Button 
of Company "A ;" F. E. Russell of Company "E" died of 
wounds received May 22d. 

July 25th — The 47th on duty at Messenger's Ford. They 
took all "Jay-hawked" horses, mules, carriages, etc., from 
soldiers coming in with the army from Jackson and filled 
an acre lot with this confiscated property for the Govern- 
ment. 

July 28th — The 47th moved up and camped with the 
Division in the woods. 

August 3rd — General Tuttle gone home to Iowa on leave 
and the Division in command of a Colonel. 



92 BUGLE ECHOES 

August 5th — Two citizens from Peoria arrived to visit 
the regiment. 

August 9th — The 47th is camped off by itself in the woods 
doing nothing. The camp is not far from Black River and 
is called "Camp Sherman." 

August 1 6th — The two years of our enlistment is up, and 
we are camped in the Mississippi woods at "Camp Sherman." 

September 23rd — General Tuttle having returned, he is 
again in command. 

September 27th — The 47th, with the 2nd Brigade, moved 
eight miles to Black River railroad bridge. 

September 30th — The nth Illinois Cavalry (Peoria Regi- 
ment, Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll) made a temporary part 
of our division, with other cavalry regiments. 

October 2nd — General Tuttle has his wife and child here, 
a bright little boy in patched breeches. 

October 5th — General Tuttle now commands 8,000 men, 
II Regiments Infantry, 5 Regiments Cavalry and 3 Batter- 
ies. General McPherson came out from Vicksburg to in- 
spect us. He commands the 17th Army Corps and now 
also our Division of the 15th Army Corps. 

October 6th — The ist Kansas Mounted Infantry put in 
our Division for the present. 

October 8th — A rebel flag of truce at Division headquar- 
ters tonight. 

October nth — A move expected soon; 500 sick of the 
Division sent to Vicksburg by railroad. 

October 12th — Another rebel flag of truce today, with 
two rebel officers. 

October 14th — General McPherson with troops came out 
from Vicksburg and our Division is concentrated ready to 
march." 

With the fall of Vicksburg and the driving of Johnston 
from Jackson, all of the regular forces of the Confederate 
army disappeared from that vicinity, but irregular forces 
and guerilla bands still infested the country, and occasionally 



BUGLE ECHOES 93 

a small cavalry force would attempt a dash at some exposed 
point. They burned bridges, destroyed buildings and dam- 
aged the railroads, causing annoyance, but inflicting no 
great amount of injury. These predatory incursions kept 
the Union troops busy, and the 47th was not idle. Skir- 
mishes were not infrequent, but as the enemy were not there 
for the purpose of fighting, they never stopped long enough 
to give these affairs the dignity of a battle. The authorities 
at Washington had begun the depletion of Grant's army, and 
the Grand Army of the Tennessee was rapidly disintegrat- 
ing. One feature of a veteran regiment is the utter indiffer- 
ence as to its next movement. A veteran learns to read the 
signs ; if camp it made in an unusually eligible spot near a 
good stream, and no important movement is in sight, prepara- 
tions will be at once made as for a long stay. The camp will 
be a miniature city of tents, with wide and well-policed streets. 
Soon huts take the place of tents ; in these will be built 
fire places and bunks ; rudely constructed tables will be made 
and chairs and stools fashioned. The banks of the stream 
will be lined with men engaged in laundering, and limbs of 
trees and bushes will bear the regimental wash ; pits will 
be dug for cooking and black pots hanging from cranes will 
emit savory odors. 

Expert foragers, these "Yankee" soldiers, keen of per- 
ception and quick to learn, and within an hour they know 
the country for miles around and the name of every inhabit- 
ant, and, better still, the quantity and quality of the planta- 
tion "truck." Apples, peaches, melons, hams, bacon and 
"glorious mountain dew" are dragged from their hiding 
places and find place at his table. These soldier boys of the 
Union were home lovers, and the enemy was levied upon to 
gratify the instinct. They labored hard and often at this 
home making, though they knew marching orders might 
come upon the moment. In such camps company and regi- 
mental drill dress parade and inspection became part of the 
regular routine. This is the picture of the life at Black 
River bridge. 

October 14th the "Eagle Brigade" marched to Messen- 
ger's Ford and became part of a force of about 8,000 men, 
composed of a regiment of mounted infantry, five regiments 



94 BUGLE ECHOES 

of cavalry, two brigades from General John McArthur's 
Division and a portion of General John A. Logan's Division, 
the whole under command of General McPherson. This 
force crossed Black River and marched eastward towards 
Brownsville in pursuit of a force of Confederate cavalry 
who were in that neighborhood. The expedition lasted six 
days and was a running skirmish, which at times became so 
heavy as to approach the dignity of a battle. 

October 20th the 47th was back at one of its old camps 
on the Black River at Hebron's Place. The night of October 
26th Captain Thompson Gordon of Company "H" died. He 
was the last of the Captains in the 47th who left Peoria with 
that rank. 

November 7th the Division moved down to Vicksburg 
and embarked upon steamers for up the river, the 47th 
going upon the "Continental." Memphis was made. From 
Memphis the brigade went by rail to La Grange, Tenn., 
forty miles east. Eight miles east of Memphis was a deep 
cut, and, while passing through it, the train was fired upon 
by a band of guerillas and several men of the 5th Minnesota 
wounded. 

On the 13th tents were pitched in a grove of beautiful 
pines at La Grange and the place christened "Camp Ever- 
green." The 47th at La Grange mustered 175 for drill. 
Life at Camp Evergreen might have been a pleasant one but 
for the lack of civility displayed by the dashing Confederate 
cavalry leaders, Forrest, Furgeson and Lee, who persistently 
beat up peaceful posts and required the attention of Mower's 
men. 

December 2nd the brigade, with Waterhouse's Battery 
and six regiments of cavalry, started in pursuit of these 
picturesque raiders. The march was made through Grand 
Junction and Salisbury to Middleton, on the road to Poca- 
hontas and Corinth. That night the camps of the two com- 
mands were but two miles apart, Forrest being in the rear 
of the Union force. At daylight of the 3d the pursuit 
was resumed, skirmishing took place and long range artil- 
lery practice, but Forrest refused to stand and moved on 
south without giving battle. 



BUGLE ECHOES 95 

On the 4th the Confederates made a feint of engaging by 
displaying a force upon the nearby hills, while their main 
force crossed the railroad at Moscow, where they stood for 
an hour's engagement, but left as reinforcements began to 
arrive, after tearing up the railroad and inflicting such other 
damage as they could. 

By December 6th Tennessee had grown too warm for 
Forrest and he was in full retreat southward ; but turning 
again, once more became active. Scouting parties were or- 
ganized and sent against these marauders, and in several of 
these the 47th participated. From the 6th until the 20th 
the 47th remained quietly in camp. Many of the regiment 
went home on furlough and others returned, amongst them 
Surgeon Lucas, who brought with him a flag presented to 
the regiment by citizens of Peoria. Colonel McClure's wife 
also visited him in camp. At this time the National Govern- 
ment had begun to organize Negro Regiments in earnest, 
and General Tuttle received orders to organize one regi- 
ment at La Grange. Commissions were offered to men in 
his command, but none were accepted by members of 
the 47th. 

The horrors of Andersonville and Libby were coming to 
light, and Chaplain Miner of the 7th Illinois Cavalry told 
of his experiences in Libby prison to members of the brigade 
in a lecture given while at "Camp Evergreen." 

Without doubt most of the suffering inflicted upon Union 
prisoners arose from the hatred and bitterness aroused by 
the use in the Union army of colored soldiers. That sup- 
plies were plenty is abundantly proven by the fact that our 
troops found ample to supply their wants in their many 
scoutings and raids, and the starving of Union prisoners 
was inexcusable. 

The 47th was not without its experiences in these south- 
ern hells at Cahawba, Salisbury, Andersonville, Belle Isle 
and Libby, its captured being confined in all of these prisons. 

The bitterest of all conflicts is "Civil War," and he who 
paints its picture truly must use the most vivid colors. No 
pen can describe the sickening horrors of southern prison 
life nor the inhumanity of many of their keepers. For white 



96 BUGLE ECHOES 

officers commanding colored troops especially were re- 
served the choicest of barbarities. Despite all of this every 
effort was made by Grant, Sherman and the leaders of the 
Union armies to show every consideration towards those sec- 
tions of country held by their armies. Lawlessness was 
sternly forbidden and severest punishment inflicted for dis- 
obedience. Army penalties are severe. To be kept march- 
ing for hours carrying a log of wood at "right shoulder;" 
tied up by the thumbs to the limb of a tree, with toes barely 
touching the ground ; carrying a knapsack loaded with rock 
and kept moving at point of bayonet 'neath broiling sun ; to 
be bucked and gagged for hours ; to stand upon barrel head 
bearing upon back a placard labeled "Thief;" these were 
the most common forms of punishment, and these penalties 
were inflicted for despoiling a foe whose friends were mal- 
treating and starving the tenderly nurtured boys who wore 
the Union blue. 

December 20th the 47th, nth Missouri and the Water- 
house Battery took a train eastward and again started in 
pursuit of Forrest, going to Corinth and from thence head- 
ing toward Jackson, Tenn. After marching over fifty miles 
northwest of Corinth, Forrest was intercepted and compelled 
to turn westward, after which the Union force once more 
returned to winter quarters at La Grange. Upon this expe- 
dition the regiment marched over one hundred miles, pass- 
ing through Purdy and Jackson and foraging off the coun- 
try. Fat fowls were "aplenty" and "the living" of the 
choicest. The trip was of eight days' duration. Forrest 
crossed the railroad at Moscow, moving southward, leaving 
the Union forces disappointed at their inability to overtake 
and capture this wily foe. 




SURGEON HENRY T. ANTES. 

Assistant Surgeon 33d Illinois Infantry, November 
1862— May '65. 

Promoted iSurgeon 47th Illinois Infantry, May 19, 
1865. Mustered out January 21, 1866. 





QUA.RTERMASTER 
SAMUEL A. L LAW 

Enlisted 1st Sergeant Co. C. Aug. 18. 1861. 

Promoted 2d Lieutenant, June 17. 1862. 

Promoted 1st Lieutenant. Aug. 31, 1862. 

Promoted Quartermaster, Aug. 8, 1863. 

Mustered out, October 11, 1864. 

Served as Volunteer to April 1st, 1865. 



ASST-SURGEON 
LUTHER M. ANDREWS. 

Appointed December 5. 1862, 
Mustered out, October 11, 1864. 



BUGLE ECHOES 97 



CHAPTER XXII. 



Intense cold — preparations for Red River campaign 
— re-enlisting — guarding cotton — supplies for Sherman — on 
steamer "Mars" bound for Red River — "A zvise dispensation 
of Providence" — Fort Scurry — individual courage — capture 
of Fort de Russy — awaiting Banks — Hendersons Hill. 



January i, 1864, found the regiment still at La Grange, 
Tenn. The weather was very cold. Forrest was pestifer- 
ously active and the Union cavalry, still pursuing but never 
able to snare him, arrived in camp suffering severely with 
the cold. Men detailed on picket had their feet frozen. On 
the 3d the 47th was detailed as guard to a large forage train. 
On the 5th the division was transferred to the i6th Army 
Corps, General Stephen Hurlbut commanding. 

Preparations were being made for the Red River expedi- 
tion. January 20th leading officers were sent for by Sher- 
man to come to Memphis for consultation. The 15th Army 
Corps had already gone to Chattanooga and a general re- 
organization of the National forces in the West was taking 
place. 

On the 26th Corinth was abandoned and guns and sup- 
plies removed. On the same day the 47th left La Grange 
guarding a wagon train to Memphis, and on the 30th took a 
boat for Vicksburg, arriving at their old camp at Black 
River bridge, back of the city, on the 4th of February. 

On the 8th two squads were sent away; one to Memphis 
for the regimental baggage, and the other to Peoria on re- 
cruiting service. Re-enlistments were going on and the 
campaign of war was being replaced by a campaign of 
oratory. Patriotism, honor, glory, all were appealed to as 
inducements for the veterans to enter upon another three 
years of service. 

—7 



98 BUGLE ECHOES 

On the 9th Major Bowyer of the nth Missouri made an 
able and eloquent address to the boys of the 47th and the 
excitement reached fever heat. 

February loth a Confederate prisoner was placed in 
chains as hostage for some men of the 35th Iowa who had 
been captured and were threatened with death. The i6th 
the regiment was detailed to guard a cotton train that 
brought in 75 bales which had been confiscated by the 
government and on the 22nd another train of 400 bales was 
brought in. These were valuable seizures, as cotton was 
worth, at that period of the war, fifty cents per pound. 

February 24th one hundred and twelve men, fully one- 
half of the effective force of the regiment, were sworn in 
for three years more ; nor did this represent all who re- 
entered the service, for many more upon the expiration of 
their terms were mustered out, returned home, and, after a 
brief stay, again entered the service, enlisting in either their 
old regiment or some other organization. 

February 27th the brigade left its camp on the Big Black 
with a supply train for Sherman, who was returning from 
his big raid to Meriden and Jackson. His advance was met 
at Jackson, Miss., the stores delivered and the march re- 
sumed towards Canton, Miss., which place was captured and 
destroyed on the ist of March. 

At Canton over $2,000,000.00 worth of supplies fell into 
the hands of the Union forces. The property was loaded 
into the empty wagons until they were full to overflowing 
and the balance was destroyed. The regiment arrived in 
camp again on the 3rd, having marched 175 miles upon 
this trip. 

On the 4th they marched to Vicksburg and on the 5th 
General Mower assumed command of the division, super- 
seding General Tuttle, and Colonel Lucius F. Hubbard be- 
came the brigade commander. 

For four days they were camped upon the flats south of 
Vicksburg, when they went on board the steamer "Mars," 
and on the loth of March were steaming with the fleet down 
the Mississippi River, embarked upon the ill-starred expedi- 



BUGLE ECHOES 99 

tion of Banks up the Red River. Upon the morning of the 
nth, shortly after midnight, the "Mars" tied up at the 
mouth of Red River to await the arrival of the fleet of 
Admiral Porter. Here the farmer boys of the 47th caught 
their first sight of ocean vessels, several warships having 
joined the expedition at Natchez, Miss. General A. J. 
Smith here assumed command of the land forces of the 
detachments of the i6th and 17th Army Corps. 

The Red River campaign was one filled with anger and 
mortification, yet replete with honors and glory for the 
Divisions of these two army corps. Loaned by Sherman to 
Banks for only thirty days, with a distinct understanding 
that they were to be returned to Sherman's army in time 
to participate in the grand operations Grant was then con- 
templating, they did not get back from this expedition until 
nearly three months after, and took no part with their com- 
rades in that wonderful triumphant march to the sea, and 
never again rejoined Sherman. 

Whatever its merits, the Red River campaign was viewed 
by Sherman's veterans as a veritable cotton raid for the 
enrichment of speculators, and was, therefore, extremely 
repugnant and entered upon by them with ill grace. That 
they were with Banks, however, proved "a wise dispensa- 
tion of Providence," for without them his army would have 
been annihilated. 

In the morning, March 12, 1864, Porter's fleet moved up 
the Red River, the transports following a short distance in 
the rear. Eleven miles up the river a turn was made into 
Atchafaylaya Bay and that night the transports tied up near 
a deserted earthworks of the enemy. 

The next morning a landing was efifected and the troops 
moved upon "Fort Scurry," which the Confederates aban- 
doned in haste. An heroic incident of this day, and indica- 
tive of the dash and courage of Mower's men, was the 
capture by three of his stafif and four orderlies, who pur- 
sued the retreating Confederates, of 14 Confederates, 6 six- 
mule teams and an ox team. Three of these orderlies were 
Cyrus Kingman, James Drummond and Richard Rogers of 
the 47th. 



;l.o; 



lOO BUGLE ECHOES 

On the 14th the brigade, together with the ist Brigade, 
resumed the march overland, the fleet continuing its advance 
up the river. At 10 o'clock that night they reached the plan- 
tation of Colonel Howard and in the morning continued, by 
way of Aloroville, Mansura and Marksville, making a forced 
march of thirty miles to Fort De Russy. The enemy kept 
up a brisk skirmish fire the entire distance, retiring slowly as 
the Union column advanced. Arriving at Fort De Russy the 
two brigades were formed in line and led by Generals A. J. 
Smith and Joseph A. Mower ; the fort was stormed and car- 
ried at the point of the bayonet. 

The loss in this engagement was small ; seven killed and 
forty-one wounded. The entire garrison of 350 men was 
surrendered, together with ten guns, over 400 horses and a 
quantity of ammunition and stores. Five thousand Confed- 
erates had previously made their escape. The "Eagle 
Brigade" was left as a garrison and the remainder of the 
force continued up the river in pursuit of the retreating 
enemy. 

Upon the arrival of the fleet the 47th, together with the 
rest of the brigade, re-embarked and continued up Red River 
to Alexandria, Louisiana, where it arrived on the i6th and 
went into camp to await the arrival of the army under Gen- 
eral N. P. Banks from New Orleans. 

March 21st General Mower took his division and went 
upon a scouting expedition in pursuit of the Confederate 
General "Dick" Taylor, who was found posted at Hender- 
son's Hill. That night bivouac fires were lighted and Mower 
made a display of large force. The nth Missouri, 33d and 
35th Iowa were detached and making a wide detour reached 
the enemy's rear. A courier from Taylor's camp was cap- 
tured by falling into the hands of a Union picket, to whom 
he had given the countersign, thinking them friends. With 
the countersign in their possession the Union troops cap- 
tured the Confedrate outposts without the firing of a gun 
and, surrounding their camp, secured the surrender of 350 
men of the 2d Louisiana Cavalry, Edgar's Battery of four 
guns and their wagon train. The next day they were again 
upon the march up the river from Alexandria, General N. P- 
Banks in command of the entire force. 



BUGLE ECHOES lOI 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



Banks takes the lead — skirmishing — a straggling army — 
Smith's solid ranks — ''God bless you, General, you have 
saved the army" — Sabine cross roads — panic-stricken — the 
yyth Illinois — Pleasant Hill — a decisive victory. 



On March 26th the army moved forward, Banks' com- 
mand taking the lead. The weather was foggy and rainy. 
The night of the 26th the 47th camped at "Henderson's 
Hill," and the next night reached "Cotile I^anding,'" having 
marched since leaving Canton, Mississippi, a total distance 
of 356 miles. 

April ist the brigade embarked upon the transports at 
"Cotile Landing" and moved up to "Grand Ecore," eighty 
miles above Alexandria, where they again disembarked on 
the 3d. Along the route small detachments of the enemy 
were constantly hovering near, watching for a chance to 
make a foray, firing into the transports and taking "pot 
shots" as opportunity offered. Skirmishes were of frequent 
occurrence. 

On the 3d, during one of these attacks, Cyrus Kingman 
of Company "B" shot one of the Confederates thus en- 
gaged. When a "Johnny" was out seeking trouble, he 
could always find it if he only ran across "Cy." 

On the 7th the brigade marched towards Pleasant Hill, 
but was obliged to move slowly as they were marching in 
the rear of the army over bad roads, with the trains of the 
cavalry of the 13th Corps in their immediate front. That 
night they bivouaced within eight miles of Grand Ecore. 
The morning of the 8th the command moved at daylight and 
made twenty miles that day, camping at night two miles 
from Pleasant Hill. 



I02 BUGLE ECHOES 

A commander should be merciful to his men, but mercy 
must be measured with judgment. Marching is fatiguing 
and it is restful to troops to be strung far along the line oi- 
march. One can in a measure avoid mud or dust and may 
move at ease. But in an enemy's country such ease may 
prove fatal. Banks' men were marching loosely and his 
column stretched for twenty miles. Smith's and Mower's 
men were marching in compact body close up to the train in 
their front; Banks' army holding the advance, marching at 
will, with immense supply trains to provide their needs, were 
having, comparatively, comfort. Smith's and Mower's little 
army following were impeded by the larger army in their 
front, but these men who had lived for weeks in the rear 
of Vicksburg without supply trains or tents, whose require- 
ments were no greater than an enemy's country afforded, 
who on foot had chased Forrest's superb cavalry for an hun- 
dred miles at a time, who had never been and never were to 
be whipped ; these men had little use for a wagon train, and 
their column extended no farther than the necessary wheel- 
ing distance, as elbow touched elbow, whether assaulted by 
fierce sun or blinding storm upon their marchings, and an 
assailing enemy found them ever ready. These were the 
men who followed in Banks' rear and whose steady courage 
saved his army from capture and prisons. 

It was just after the final charge that closed the battle 
at Pleasant Hill that General Banks rode up to General A. J. 
Smith and, grasping his hand, exclaimed, "God bless you, 
General ; you have saved the army." 

As they marched towards camp that afternoon of the 8th, 
heavy cannonading was heard at the front where the cavalry 
and 13th Corps were engaged with the Confederate army 
under General "Dick" Taylor, about eight miles beyond 
Pleasant Hill at Sabine Cross Roads. General Taylor had 
not intended to bring on this engagement. He had sent out a 
force to drive back the advance of Banks' army before going 
into camp for the night, but as the forces became engaged 
the fight waxed warmer and more and more troops were 
pushed into action until it became general. There was rich 
booty for the "boys in butternut" in Banks' wagon trains, 



BUGLE ECHOES IO3 

and bravely they fought to secure it and as bravely but 
vainly the boys in blue "fought to save." 

Banks' skirmish line was driven back upon the main body. 
His batteries were pushed forward and fought gallantly. 
Double charges of cannister were served and did terrible 
execution. General Alfred Mouton of the Confederate army 
was shot down while leading a charge, but nothing daunted, 
the enemy still pressed on and many of the guns were taken. 
The wagon trains blocked the narrow road which led 
through a dense wood, and it was with the utmost difficulty 
the infantry could be brought forward. For an hour and 
a half the battle raged, when suddenly the whole line gave 
way and Banks' army became panic-stricken. 

An army in panic is a frightened, rushing, disorganized 
mass, shouting, swearing, crushing everything before it. 
fleeing from imaginary fears, a swirling pool of excited men ; 
arms are thrown aside, horses seized, the wounded forgotten 
and dead trampled upon ; everything is swept before a stream 
of men bereft of reason. 

There were men, "the bravest of the brave," in that ter- 
rible vortex of racing men. There were regiments eager to 
fight but helpless in the wild stampede. Of those was the 
77th Illinois. They had fought like demons and had gone 
down as ripened grain before the reaper's sickle. There 
would be weeping in many homes in Peoria when the news 
of this day's battle would reach Illinois. Colonel Lysander 
Webb was dead and nearly all of the regiment who had not 
fallen were prisoners. Heroic soldiers, you of the 77th, and 
shafts to heroes reared contain no nobler names than yours. 
For two miles the flight continued until the advance line 
of the 19th Corps was reached, behind which the fleeing 
army forgot their fears and insanity gave place to reason. 

The enemy maintaining a fierce pursuit attacked the line 
of the 19th Corps with a rush. Their heroism was magnifi- 
cent. They were flushed with victory and confident, but 
night veiled the day's carnage in darkness and after a few 
volleys the battle closed. 

The loss to the Union forces was 1,800 men killed, 
wounded and captured; 10 guns and 156 wagons filled with 



I04 BUGLE ECHOES 

supplies. That night Banks fell back to Pleasant Hill, a 
distance of fifteen miles. 

There is plenty of good plunder to be found upon the 
line of retreat of a fleeing army and the Confederates re- 
quired time to collect the scattered treasure. Had you asked 
the boys of the "Eagle Brigade" as to the character of the 
loot obtained by "Dick" Taylor's "gray-backs" from Banks' 
abandoned wagons, they would have told you and told you 
in all earnestness, too, "white shirts and paper collars." 

It was four o'clock the next day before the enemy ap- 
peared in force and fell with crushing effect upon the 19th 
Corps. By five o'clock a furious battle was raging. The 
19th Corps was forced to give way and fell back upon 
Smith and Mower, wlio had been held in reserve. From the 
first moment they had heard the sound of the guns in their 
front these two Generals had been restless and impatient. 
From whatever source it arose it is indisputable that every 
man in the commands of Smith and Mower held Banks, 
as a General, in contempt from the first and had no con- 
fidence in his ability as a fighter. They now felt that their 
judgment had proven accurate, for here was defeat to his 
entire force in two pitched battles. It was now their turn. 
The exultant enemy had forced the 19th Corps to fall behind 
the line of Smith and Mower, which had opened to receive 
them, and were in possession of Taylor's battery. Before 
them remained but a little handful of men and they, too, 
would soon be wiped out as had been the others with whom 
they had fought these two days. With demoniac fury they 
pressed on, those two lines of gray. On towards those 
veterans of Sherman by whom they were received with royal 
salute. Every gun had been loaded to the very muzzle ; 
seven thousand men waited, with finger upon rifle trigger, 
for the death signal. At the proper time it came and as one 
every piece was discharged, rifie and gun flamed and in 
an instant of time one thousand brave men of the Southland 
passed into eternity or were maimed for life. The Confed- 
erate center was completely crushed. Mower's massive 
head, tawny crowned, was moving restlessly from side to 
side like that of an angry lion. "Old Abe" was prancing 
upon his shield, giving forth fierce screams that pierced the 




GEN. DAVID W. MAGEE. 



Served in Mexican war. 1846-48. 

Lieut-Colonel 86th Illinois Infantry August '62-March '64. 
Appointed Colonel -17th Illinois Infantry March 25. 1865. 
Promoted Brevt*t Brigadier General March 13, 1865. 
Mustered out January 21. 1866. 



BUGLE ECHOES IO5 

thunders of conflict, and his wings flapping the air and beat- 
ing his sides was as the throbbing of drums. 

The wind swept the battle smoke in front of the Confed- 
erate line where it hung like a veil, dun-colored and gray, 
fringed with chocolate, russet and red, rent here and there 
with flash of bursting fire. The inspiration of victory 
swept the Union line. The supreme moment had come and 
Mower's swift orders rang with the note of success — 
"charge." McClure repeated the order to the 47th, which 
was received from Hubbard, who was in command of the 
brigade. The line swept forward with a cheer. 

The sun shone full in their faces. Fevered guns sobbed 
in agony. In the clear light could be seen the circling blades 
of Puterbaugh, Kinnear and Townsend urging forward the 
men of the 47th whose bayonets glowed with the red rays 
of sinking sun. Like an avalanche they rent the enemy's 
lines and scattered them like chaff. For three miles they 
were pushed before a halt was called. That Saturday night 
the sun went down upon a brave but defeated foe. 



I06 BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER XXIV, 



Smith and Mower win the honors — a Sabbath morning 
scene — eager to pursue — Banks orders a retreat — bitterness 
of Sherman's men — returning for the transports — Smith 
and Mower guard the rear — engagement at Monetis BlufF 
— Cane River and Clouterville — daily fighting — govern- 
ment cotton — successful passage of the fieet. 



The heroes of the fight at Pleasant Hill were Generals A. 
J. Smith and Joseph A. Mower. They had saved the army. 
Every officer and man in their command had behaved with 
conspicuous gallantry. Colonel Wm. F. Lynch, command- 
ing the 3d Brigade of the 3d Division, with a small detach- 
ment captured three Confederate caissons filled with am- 
munition and shot down a Confederate soldier with his own 
hand. The 2d Brigade of the same Division under Colonel 
W. T. Shaw, receiving a charge of Confederate cavalry, 
emptied every saddle, not ten escaping of four hundred. 

Sabbath morning saw a grewsome sight. Stark and pallid 
lay the dead with faces upturned; gray-bearded men and 
beardless boys, the blue and the gray, side by side ; broken 
wagons and disabled guns ; dead animals and wounded ; shat- 
tered muskets, blood stained cartridge boxes ; the wounded 
dying, not from wounds but for want of water. There was 
none to be had for miles. The dead lay in groups. In the 
three days Banks had lost four thousand men, one-half of 
whom were killed or wounded. The Confederate loss is 
known only to God and the recording angel. 

Smith and Mower were eager to pursue and every prepa- 
ration was made to follow up their signal success but Banks 
had received his fill and ordered a retreat. 

Strange maneuvering this to the bronzed veterans of 
Sherman — retreating from a defeated and fleeing enemy. It 



BUGLE ECHOES IO7 

is not for the soldiers of Smith and Mower to find excuse. 
These officers had begged with tears and quivering lips for 
permission to press their victory, but were refused permis- 
sion even to remain and bury their dead. Others may ex- 
plain as best they can. 

Those who were most severely wounded, those who de- 
served the tenderest pity and care, were left behind in 
charge of detailed surgeons and men, in "camp meeting" 
sheds to such mercy as might be accorded in southern 
prisons ; others were loaded upon horses, in ambulances and 
upon guns; the dead were left unburied and the retreat 
began. Banks' orders were imperative. 

Curses were loud and deep in the divisions of the i6th and 
17th Army Corps. When Banks and his staff appeared they 
were received in sullen silence, or from some unseen quarter 
came remarks not complimentary in their nature, but for 
Smith and Mower was wild enthusiasm and enthusiastic 
cheers. 

There was, however, one source of satisfaction. They 
were going back and would soon again be with Sherman. 
Alas, "The best laid schemes of mice and men gang aft a 
gley." They were never again to be under his command. 

To retreat was disgrace ; to leave the dead and the dying 
upon a field of victory, damnable ; to desert their comrades, 
who under General Thomas Kilby Smith were upon the 
transports thirty miles up the river, was cowardly. Grand 
Ecore was reached on the evening of the nth. Two days 
passed and no news having been received from the trans- 
ports, except that they had been attacked by artillery and in- 
fantry from both sides of the river, two brigades were 
dispatched by General A. J. Smith to their relief. That night 
this force and the fleet were united at Campti, twelve miles 
up the river. By rare skill, energy and good judgment the 
fleet had run the gauntlet of Confederate batteries success- 
fully. They had gone by water within sixty miles of Shreve- 
port, unconscious of the army's defeat, and their return was 
an almost miraculous escape from gravest peril. Bullet 
scarred and battered the transports bore a sorry appearance 
when on the 14th they were all safely back at Grand Ecore. 



I08 BUGLE ECHOES 

On the 20th the brigade was at Natchitoches, and on the 
following day took up the line of retreat towards Alexandria, 
the different divisions alternating upon the march each day. 

Banks was already far in advance, Smith and Mower 
protecting the rear of his retreating army. Close behind 
pressed the enemy ; the Union rear was skirmishing, almost 
without intermission, and twice during the march, line of 
battle was formed and well merited reproof administered 
to the too rash pursuers. 

On the 23d three brisk engagements were had at Monetis 
Bluff, Cane River and Clouterville, in which 350 were killed 
and wounded. The Confederate loss was considerably larger. 
The 47th was in the engagement at Clouterville, which lasted 
something over one hour. Upon this retreat the boys found 
rest as best they could. Camping was out of the question. 

On the 24th they were at Cotile Landing. That day the 
enemy, 5,000 strong, charged the retreating army but were 
beaten off. Pontoons were thrown across Cane River and 
the brigade crossed over. At Cotile Bayou on the 25th the 
rear was again charged by the Confederates, but they were 
driven back by a well directed fire from one of Porter's gun- 
boats. That night the 47th was camped at Bayou Rapids. 

Alexandria was reached on the 26th. For one hundred 
miles from Pleasant Hill to Alexandria for sixteen days a 
running skirmish, almost ceaseless, had been maintained by 
Sherman's detachments of the i6th and 17th Corps in pro- 
tecting Banks' demoralized army. 

On the 28th the skirmishers of the 13th Corps were driven 
in and under orders from Banks, thrice repeated, the corps 
fell reluctantly back, abandoning and setting on fire their 
camp and garrison equipage and stores. A large portion 
of these supplies was saved by Shaw's Brigade of the i6th 
Corps, who, under orders from General A. J, Smith, put 
out the fires and rescued them. 

Imagine, if you can, the shame of those brave boys of 
the 13th Corps, for there were no better soldiers in the Union 
army, at being obliged under such incompetent officers to 
suffer the humiliation of defeat and the mortification of un- 



BUGLE ECHOES IO9 

necessarily destroying stores. Three times was the orders 
given before they obeyed. That day the 47th hissed Banks 
as he rode by. 

Beyond Alexandria the fleet could not go because of the 
rapidly falling water. On every side the Confederate forces 
had hemmed in the Union army and fleet and were enjoying 
good gunning. From below reinforcements arrived and 
broke the blockade, but the fleet was unable to pass the falls 
above, and the army lay at Alexandria until the 13th of 
May, by which time dams had been constructed, the vessels 
freed and the retreat resumed. 

May 2d the i6th Army Corps was sent out under General 
Mower towards Clouterville to hold the enemy in check 
and to get and hold a quantity of forage collected there. 
For eight days they were engaged in continual skirmish, de- 
veloping at times in fierce battle. In one of these engage- 
ments, May 5th, the 47th fired forty rounds of cartridges. 
In this expedition was displayed to fullest extent the mag- 
nificent qualities of the 5th Minnesota as ideal skirmishers 
and from them the 47th received many valuable suggestions. 
On the 7th Mower drove the Confederates for a distance of 
ten miles. It was eight days filled with trouble for the Con- 
federates opposed to Mower. 

While at Alexandria, boat load after boat load of cotton 
was sent down the river. How much went to the Govern- 
ment could possibly be ascertained from the books of the 
Treasury Department. In the construction of the dam for 
the relief of the fleet, houses were demolished for material 
and one of them was the military school in which General 
Sherman taught before the war. From the sides of the gun- 
boats the iron plates were stripped to lighten them. On 
the 9th the dam broke and part of the fleet passed over and 
went down the river to clear out the enemy who were en- 
deavoring to obstruct the stream below. 

By the 13th the entire fleet had successfully passed the 
rapids. Alexandria was left in flames. Banks took the 
place of safety with the advance and left Smith and Mower 

to hold back the enemy. In some respects Banks was a man 
of discerning judgment. 



no BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER XXV. 



Report of Admiral David D. Porter — following the Uight 
of the Ueet — Keady and Zinser. 



Wonder increases and admiration becomes adoration in 
contemplating the stupendous achievements of the volunteer 
army of the Civil War. What follows has no relation to the 
service of the 47th, save as they were spectators of one of 
the most marvelous and successful engineering feats upon 
record. The story is in the words of Admiral David D. 
Porter, and is told in the simple way of a sailor making re- 
port to his superior and yet, unconsciously, he imparts a 
glow to his words that lights up a picture of Faith, Per- 
severance and Success. 

"Flag Ship 'Black Hawk,' 

Mouth Red River, May i6th, 1864. 

Hon, Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy : 

Sir: I have the honor to inform you that the vessels 
lately caught by low water above the falls at Alexandria 
have been released from the unpleasant position. The water 
had fallen so low that I had no hope or expectation of get- 
ting the vessels out this season, and as the army had made 
arrangements to evacuate the country, I saw nothing before 
me but the destruction of the best part of the Mississippi 
squadron. There seems to have been an especial Providence 
looking out for us in providing a man equal to the emerg- 
ency. Lieutenant-Colonel Bailey, acting engineer of the 
19th Army Corps, proposed the plan of building a series of 
dams across the rocks at the falls and raising the water high 
enough to let the vessels pass over. This proposition looked 
like madness, and the best engineers ridiculed it, but Colonel 
Bailey was so sanguine of success that I requested General 
Banks to have it done, and he entered heartily into the work. 



BUGLE ECHOES III 

Provisions were short and forage was almost out and the 
dam was promised to be finished in ten days or the army 
would have to leave us. I was doubtful about the time, but 
had no doubt about the ultimate success, if time would only 
permit. General Banks placed at the disposal of Colonel 
Bailey all the force he required, consisting of some 3,000 
men and 200 or 300 wagons. All the neighboring steam 
mills were torn down for material. Two or three regiments 
of Maine men were set to work felling trees, and on the 
second day of my arrival in Alexandria from Grand Ecore 
the work had fairly begun. Trees were falling with great 
rapidity; teams were moving in all directions, bringing in 
brick and stone ; quarries were opened ; flat boats were built 
to bring stone down from above, and every man seemed to 
be working with a vigor I have seldom seen equalled, while 
perhaps not one in fifty believed in the success of the under- 
taking. 

These falls are about a mile in length, filled with rugged 
rocks over which at the present stage of water it seemed 
to be impossible to make a channel. The work was com- 
menced by running out from the left bank of the river a 
tree dam made of the bodies of very large trees and brush 
and brick and stone, cross tied with other heavy timber and 
strengthened in every way which ingenuity would devise. 
This was now about three hundred feet into the river. Four 
large coal barges were then filled with brick and sunk at the 
end of it. From the right bank of the river cribs filled with 
stone were built out to meet the barges, all of which was suc- 
cessfully accomplished, notwithstanding there was a cur- 
rent running of nine miles an hour which threatened to 
sweep everything before it. It will take too much time to 
enter into the details of this truly wonderful work. Suffice 
it to say that the dam had nearly reached completion in 
eight days' working time and the water had risen sufficiently 
on the upper falls to allow the Fort Hindman, Osage and 
Neosha to get down and be ready to pass the dam. In 
another day it would have been high enough to enable all 
the other vessels to pass the upper falls. Unfortunately on 
the morning of the 9th instant the pressure of water be- 



112 BUGLE ECHOES 

came so great that it swept away two of the stone barges 
which swung in below the dam on one side. 

This accident to the dam, instead of disheartening Colonel 
Bailey, only induced him to renew his exertions after he had 
seen the success of getting four vessels through. The noble- 
hearted soldiers seeing their labor of the last eight days 
swept away in a moment, cheerfully went to work to re- 
pair damages, being confident now that all the gunboats 
would be finally brought over. These men had been work- 
ing for eight days and nights, up to their necks in water in 
the broiling sun, cutting trees and wheeling bricks, and noth- 
ing but good humor prevailed among them. 

The force of the water and current being too great to con- 
struct a continuous dam of six hundred feet across the river 
in so short a time, Colonel Bailey determined to leave a gap 
of fifty-five feet in the dam and build a series of wing dams 
on the upper falls. This was accomplished in three days' 
time. 

Words are inadequate to express the admiration I feel for 
the ability of Lieutenant-Colonel Bailey. This is without 
doubt the best engineering feat performed. Under the best 
circumstances a private company would not have completed 
this work under one year and to an ordinary mind the whole 
thing would have appeared an utter impossibility. Leaving 
out his ability as an engineer, the credit he has conferred 
upon the country, he has saved to the Union a valuable 
fleet, worth nearly $2,000,000 more ; he has deprived the 
enemy of a triumph which would have emboldened them to 
carry on this war a year or two longer, for the departure of 
the army was a fixed fact and there was nothing left for me 
to do in case that event occurred but destroy every part of 
the vessels so that the rebels could make nothing of them. 
The highest honors the Government can bestow upon Col- 
onel Bailey can never repay him for the service he has ren- 
dered his country. 

If this expedition has not been so successful as the coun- 
try hoped for, it has exhibited the indomitable spirit of 
eastern and western men to overcome obstacles deemed by 



BUGLE ECHOES II3 

most people insurmountable. It has presented a new feature 
in the war, nothing like which has ever been accomplished 
before. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

David D. Porter, 
Rear Admiral." 

Men detailed upon duty on the transports had their vivid 
experiences as well as those with the marching columns. 
Hovering upon the outskirts of the retreating army, like 
birds of evil, swarmed the Confederate Cavalry. Following 
the flight of the fleet they hung along both shores of the 
river ; concealed in the underbrush, hiding behind the high 
levees, hornet-like they sprang upon the transports and 
stung. Cotton bales and forage piled along the vessels' sides 
concealed and protected the detachments detailed as guards, 
and from behind these defenses the Union sharpshooters 
watched every opportunity for a shot at their pursuers. On 
the headquarters boat, the "Des Moines," was a detachment 
of the 47th. Tom Keady and George Zinser were there and 
the blistered lips of their ready rifles gave the kiss of death 
to more than one too ardent pursuer. From the lower decks 
two field pieces tossed "bon-bons" into the smoking woods 
and like frightened partridges the enemy would rise, mount 
their horses and away to some fresh point of vantage. And 
so guns blazed, men fled and men pursued, mile after mile, 
day after day, along the windings of Red River. 



-8 



114 BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER XXVI. 



Mansura — beauty of the morning — the fight — Bayou de 
Glaze — severe fighting — the 4/th fires over seventy rounds — 
the steamboat bridge — parting with Banks — Smith's report 
— prisoners of war. 



The brigade left Governor Moore's plantation on the 
14th, arriving at Marksville on the 15th. The next morn- 
ing found the enemy in front in line of battle at Mansura (or 
Belle Prairie). No time was given to prepare a breakfast 
and the boys turned out hungry and cross. 

The 19th Corps took the initiative. The rising sun, 
touching with golden fire the dew drops still sparkling upon 
the bosom of a verdant plain, beheld a glorious scene. The 
battlefield at Mansura was a beautiful prairie several miles 
in extent, fringed with a heavy timber. To the front and 
partially concealed by the woods lay the enemy in force. 
To the left, advancing across the open field were the 
skirmishers of the 19th Corps, running, kneeling, firing, tak- 
ing advantage of the slightest protection, flitting like birds 
in search of prey. Behind them followed the heavy columns 
of the 19th Corps in line of battle and back of them again 
those of the 13th Corps. On the right were the once derided, 
ragged and rugged veterans of Sherman. Everywhere ban- 
ners were waving, resplendent in the sunlight. The advance 
of Smith and Mower changed from column of regiments to 
an echelon and frorri that to line of battle. Four batteries of 
heavy guns opening fire upon Smith and Mower fully re- 
vealed the enemy's position and was seemingly the signal for 
the 19th Corps to halt, for the work from now on was left to 
Sherman's men. For four hours the battle raged. The 
stubborn enemy held tenaciously to his position which was 
charged again and again, but at last he was compelled re- 



BUGLE ECHOES II5 

luctantly to vield. Once more the immense wagon trains of 
Banks interfered by impeding pursuit and his orders put a 
stop to the proper following up of victory. 

On the 1 8th occurred the fight at Yellow Bayou (or Bayou 
De Glaze). The detachments of the i6th and 17th Corps were 
lying in line protecting the crossing of the other corps. Here 
General "Dick" Taylor made his last determined attack upon 
the National lines. Mower was in sole command, General 
A. J, Smith being at the landing, probably eager to see 
Banks across the Atchafalaya and well rid of. For two 
miles Mower drove the Confederates across an open field, 
through the woods and briars, over fallen trees, up to the 
very mouths of twenty pieces of well-posted artillery, behind 
which lay a superior force. 

Withdrawing across the field, concealing his position 
behind a thicket, double charging his guns and bringing 
them up to close range, Mower awaited the advance of the 
Confederate lines. They soon came ; the batteries swept their 
front and the bayonet did the rest. The slaughter was ter- 
rible and the enemy retired to the protection of its guns. 
Again Mower withdrew and was again charged. The fire 
became so heavy that the thicket was ignited and became an 
impassable barrier between the combatants. Mower with- 
drew to the open field and bivouaced for the night. One 
hundred and fifty-six prisoners were captured in the charge. 
Mower's loss was 38 killed, 226 wounded, 3 missing; total, 
267. The enemy's loss was over 700. In the engagement 
the 47th fired over seventy rounds of ammunition. 

The next day the brigade crossed to the east side of the 
Bayou and watched the 13th and 19th Corps cross the 
bridge over the Atchafalaya. This famous bridge was 
formed by lashing steamboats together. On the 20th. with 
a last parting shot at their pursuers, the "Eagle Brigade" 
crossed the river and camped a short distance from the 
river. 

On the 2ist the Mississippi was reached and Banks re- 
luctantly parted with. One learns to love the cripple whom 
he has cared for and protected. 



Il6 BUGLE ECHOES 

Porter's fleet passing out of the mouth of Red River was 
ready and the commands of Smith and Mower were soon 
embarked. The black smoke poured from the steamers' 
stacks and the ascent of the Mississippi began. 

General A. J. Smith thus sums up the results of the ex- 
pedition: "I captured with my command 22 pieces of ar- 
tillery, 1,757 prisoners and Fort De Russy, with a strong 
casemated battery which the gunboats would not have been 
able to pass. My loss was 153 killed, 849 wounded and 133 
missing, total 1,135 ; also one 6 mule wagon. My entire 
command numbered 9,200." 

Smith was made a Major-General. One of the most 
efficient men upon this campaign was A. J. Hough, Smith's 
Adjutant-General. He was from Peoria and a member of 
the old National Blues. 

While in several instances the 47th had narrow escapes 
from being cut off, it was yet peculiarly fortunate in losing 
but few men by capture. This was largely due to superior 
discipline which led to little straggling and kept the boys 
closely together at all times. It was this same element which 
prevailed in Smith's command throughout the Red River 
campaign and constantly won victories where Banks' army 
met only defeat. There were, however, some who ex- 
perienced the horrors of Confederate prisons at Salisbury, 
Columbia. Andersonville and other places. As the history 
of no regiment that saw three or more years of service would 
be complete without the story of captivity the following ac- 
count of one who was confined at Camp Ford, Tyler, Texas, 
where so many of the Peoria boys of the 77th Illinois, who 
were taken prisoners at Pleasant Hill, were sent and where 
they were held for fourteen months, will serve as a fair 
picture of all. It was written to the Peoria, Illinois, 
Transcript, from which we quote, by the Chaplain of the 
io8th Illinois: 

"On Board Steamer Nebraska, 
Below Baton Rouge, July 23d, 1864. 
Editor Transcript: 

Some of the prisoners had been captured two, three, ten, 
twelve, and some as long as nineteen months. During all 



BUGLE ECHOES II7 

this time they never received even a shirt from their captors, 
or their friends at home, so far as I know. You may 
imagine what a spectacle we will make walking through 
the streets of New Orleans tomorrow (Sabbath) morning. 
Such fantastic patching, darning and cutting you never saw. 
Any piece of cloth was valued for the purpose of covering 
a rent. Many were captured without their knapsacks, and 
hence had scanty clothing to begin with. It is now reduced 
in many instances to shirt and drawers. Some have no shirt 
even, but in perhaps every such instance a blouse or some 
kind of coat has been procured." 

After describing life at Camp Ford he adds: "The 
rations furnished were corn meal, unsifted, and fresh beef, 
one pound and a quarter each, with a little salt. This alone 
was furnished during the last two months, no sugar, no 
molasses, no vinegar, no flour, no rice, no beans, no spices, 
no coffee, no vegetables of any kind. Some of these things, 
it is true, were obtained but at fabulous prices. Flour sold 
as high as one dollar a pound, and corn meal at one dollar; 
a pint, in greenbacks; and soap at two dollars. The com- 
mon price of wheat flour has of late been fifty cents a pound 
in our money, or $2.50 to $3.00 in "Confed." This is a speci- 
men of prices. The mystery is, where do the "rebs" get the 
money? Common soldiers will offer $30.00 for a canteen, 
$75.00 to $100.00 for a hat, $150.00 to $200.00 for a pair of 
boots. The ruling price for paper now in Shreveport is 
$5.00 a sheet. The most common linen coat, $150.00, and 
a good one $250.00. 

You will believe me, Mr. Editor, that after three months 
of such experience as we have had a good federal welcome 
and dinner with Ensign Palmer (Archie' of the old National 
Blues) of your city and others on board the iron-clad Choc- 
taw was duly appreciated. Many have tried to escape, but 
the pack of bloodhounds soon scent them out and they are 
compelled to return and perhaps be under guard for a few 
days and then be released to laugh their failure over with 
the rest." 

There were prisons, the horrors of which no pen can 
fittingly describe. It is well for the Nation their story dis- 



Il8 BUGLE ECHOES 

appear from its archives as seems they have nearly done. 
The few remaining copies of the "Report of the Senate Com- 
mittee upon the Conduct of the War" moulder upon cob- 
webbed shelves in unvisited attics. 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 19 



CHAPTER XXVII. 



Back at Vickshurg — Lake Chicot — Death of Captain 
Frank Biser and Henry Proctor — Major Miles wounded — a 
beautiful sight — at Memphis — a military execution — Forrest 
— Guntown, Mississippi — Massacre at Fort Pillow — veteran 
furlough. 



May 22d Natchez was reached and a little after midnight 
of the 24th the fleet arrived at Vicksburg and by daylight 
most of the troops were ashore. The regiment remained at 
Vicksburg until the 4th of June. Points of interest were 
visited ; not the least of these where the terrible charge was 
made on the 22d of May and the spot where once grew the 
famous Pemberton Oak, beneath which the surrender took 
place ; not a vestige of it remaining. The caves were curiosi- 
ties and the Court House, whose dome crowned the flight 
of the bursting shells and for days glistened in the July sun 
before the eyes of the encompassing army of Grant, was not 
devoid of interest. These few days of rest were like an out- 
ing to one overworked and weary. 

On the 4th of June the brigade was again aboard the 
transports and with other troops proceeded up the river. 
Marmaduke's Brigade, which for several days had been 
operating along the Mississippi, watching for transports and 
passing vessels, was found near Sunnyside. Under orders 
from General A. J. Smith, General Mower, on the evening 
of the 5th, disembarked the "Eagle Brigade," under com- 
mand of Colonel Lucius F. Hubbard of the 5th Minne- 
sota and the 3d Brigade commanded by Major George W. 
Van Beek of the 33d Missouri, and bivouaced on the river's 
bank. The morning of the 6th at six o'clock Mower moved 
against Lake Village, eight miles distant. A short distance 
from the village the enemy's skirmishers were met. The 



I20 BUGLE ECHOES 

rain was pouring down. The 47th was in the advance. 
Smith had by this time arrived and assumed command. By 
order of General Mower, Colonel Hubbard directed five 
companies of the 47th to deploy as skirmishers and to move 
forward as fast as possible. The balance of the force was 
formed in line of battle to support the skirmishers. At first 
the enemy were stubborn and refused to yield, but gradually 
they gave way and the skirmishing was kept up for several 
miles until they reached the north side of Ditch Bayou. 
Here they had place.d a splendid battery along the edges of 
the timber skirting the Bayou. This battery consisted of 
four guns and was superbly served and behind it were four 
regiments in support. Concealed by the woods with a deep 
ditch in their front the Confederate line was in strong posi- 
tion. In the open, advancing until within short musket 
range, were the gallant veterans who had so long cam- 
paigned together under Smith and Mower. The skirmish 
line was now increased by the full regiment and pushed for- 
ward to the extreme edge of the ditch. Exposed as they 
were, the loss was heavy upon the skirmish line, but the 
enemy were not the gainers, for every man upon that line 
had in his three years of service become a sharpshooter of 
the first order. The gunners were soon driven from their 
guns by the accurate and severe fire from Mower's men 
and their battery was compelled to move to the rear. At one 
of the guns but a single man was left. He attached a rope 
to the gun and it was thus dragged away. 

The enemy's skirmish line was still strong and well pro- 
tected by the timber and undulations of the ground. Colonel 
Hubbard commanding the "Eagle Brigade" pushed forward 
more skirmishers and the Confederate line was driven back. 
The bridge was gone, the ditch filled with water, the bank 
high, but nothing could stop the onward rush of the elated 
veterans of this staunch old brigade and the enemy was 
pursued to Lakeville. For the numbers engaged, this was 
one of the severest fights the brigade had experienced. The 
47th lost seven killed and twenty-three wounded. Among 
the killed were Captain Frank Biser of Company "B," and 
Henry A. Proctor of Company "A." Major J. B. Miles was 
severely wounded. 




LIEUTENANT-COLONEL EDWARD E. BONHAM. 



Enlisted as Private Company G, August 16, 1861. 
Promoted, 1st Sergeant. 
Promoted, 2d Lieutenant, Nov. 27, 186i. 
Promoted, 1st Lieutenant, July 13, 1863. 
Promoted, Major, October 11, 1864. 
Promoted, Lleut.-Colonel. March 27tli, 1865. 
Mustered out, January 21,11866. 



BUGLE ECHOES 121 

One third of the Union force engaged at 
Lake Chicot, as this engagement was called, was 
killed or wounded. Mower's horse was shot twice ; Mc- 
Clure's once. Re-embarking, the fleet, consisting of seven 
gunboats and twenty transports, continued up the river. It 
was a grand sight, those steamers with their billowing 
smoke stacks, flying flags, decks lined with men and glisten- 
ing guns. Across the waters came the roll of drums or the 
bugles' mellow notes. Here was all the panoply and pomp 
of war. 

On June loth the 47th landed at Memphis and camped 
in the suburbs. 

War has sterner tragedies than those enacted upon battle- 
field or in prison or hospital. Tragedies, which to the credit 
of the vast armies engaged in the Civil War, were exceed- 
ingly rare. One of these the 47th was called upon to wit- 
ness at Memphis the very day they landed; a military ex- 
ecution. In April three soldiers of an Eastern Cavalry Regi- 
ment left camp and, becoming drunk, met upon one of the 
roads leading into Memphis, a citizen and his wife proceed- 
ing to town in a wagon. Drawing their revolvers they com- 
pelled the citizen to flee as they fired after him. The woman 
left alone was outraged and robbed of $150.00. The men 
were apprehended, tried by court-martial and sentenced to 
death. The execution took place the day the 47th reached 
Memphis. In and around the city lay no less than twelve 
or fifteen thousand troops. At three o'clock this entire 
force was paraded and formed in Hollow Square south of 
Memphis. A procession was formed and the criminals 
marched around in front of the lines. First came a brass 
band playing a dirge, then came the executioners, three de- 
tails of twelve men each, then twelve men bearing three 
coflins ; following these the criminals accompanied by their 
Chaplains, one of them a priest ; after these the guard. 
Slowly the cortege moved around the square and halted in 
front of the fort. The coffins were then placed six feet apart 
and the culprits seated upon the heads of the coffins. Prayer 
was oflfered up, the men blindfolded and twelve men 
marched in front of each criminal. The muskets of the ex- 
ecutioners had previously been loaded for them, eleven with 



122 BUGLE ECHOES 

ball, one with blank cartridge ; no one knew who fired the 
blank. "Ready, Aim, Fire!" The tragedy was closed; the 
parade dismissed and the field was dotted with banners and 
moving men returning to quarters, while the air was charged 
with music of bands and the inspiring notes from drum and 
fife. Shadow and light are inseparable. 

The 47th was now approaching one of its most difficult 
and delightful tasks, that of disciplining the Confederate 
General N. B. Forrest. Born and reared in Middle Ten- 
nessee ; his command recruited mostly in the region in which 
he operated and splendidly mounted ; acquainted with every 
road, stream and crossing, with friends at every plantation; 
illiterate, courageous and daring, idolized by his command, 
he was a most formidable leader of cavalry and the source 
of greatest annoyance to Sherman in Tennessee and Mis- 
sissippi. 

Sherman, in his movements from Chattanooga to Atlanta, 
was dependent upon a single track of railroad from Nash- 
ville, Tenn., for his supplies. Forrest was in Northern 
Mississippi awaiting his opportunity to attack and destroy 
Sherman's line of communication. General C. C. Washburn 
was in command at Memphis, and Sherman ordered him to 
send Brigadier-General S. D. Sturgis with a force to drive 
Forrest away. June loth Forrest met Sturgis near Gun- 
town. Miss., and completely and overwhelmingly defeated 
him, driving him for one hundred miles back to Memphis. 

In April Forrest had rendered his name infamous by the 
massacre of the Union garrison at Fort Pillow. This fort 
was garrisoned by a force of about 550 men, one-half of 
whom were colored, under command of Major L. F. Booth, 
Major Booth was killed early in the engagement and Major 
W. F. Bradford assumed command. Forrest sent a flag 
demanding a surrender. While negotiations were pending, 
he sent troops to occupy favorable positions which he could 
not have gained except by such trickery. Bradford refusing 
to surrender, Forrest gave the signal ; his troops sprang 
from their hiding places, gained by treachery, and crying 
"No quarter," captured the fort. Men, women, children, 
black and white, were without distinction slaughtered. The 
day after, while a prisoner of war, Major Bradford was taken 



BUGLE ECHOES 



123 



from the line and deliberately murdered. Forrest's motto 
was "War means to fight ; to fight means to kill ; we want 
but few prisoners." So said Major Charles W. Gibson of 
Forrest's command. It was against this daring and suc- 
cesful trooper the 2d Brigade was to operate next. 

The 47th had a personal interest in the matter from the 
fact that it was Forrest who had captured a Peoria Regi- 
ment, Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll's nth Illinois Cavalry, 
and also the wagon train of their Division and several 47th 
teamsters ; Sturgis having taken it with him and aban- 
doned it. 

On the 1 6th the regiment went aboard the cars and moved 
to Collierville, Tenn., and from there marched via Moscow 
to La Grange, Tenn., returning from there to Memphis, 
where it arrived on the 21st. The re-enlisted men of the 
5th Minnesota and 8th Wisconsin left the brigade to return 
home upon veteran furlough on the 17th, and on the 26th 
those of the 47th went also. 

It is as well perhaps here to leave for a while the roar 
of guns, get away from sulphurous smoke and go with this 
detachment to Peoria, taking up the pursuit of Forrest 
later. 



124 BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER XXVIII. 



At home — a public banquet — toasts and speeches — poem 
by Mrs. F. B. M. Brotherson — Copperhead cruelty — after 
Forrest again — Corps D'Afrique — Okalona — defeat of 
Forrest. 



The veterans who had re-enlisted, to the number of II2, 
arrived home safely. The home greetings they received, it 
were well we attempt not to describe. Each a hero whose 
campaignings through three years had been so strenuous 
that for months at a time their mail from home bore no 
other address than via Cairo, what tears of joy and smiles of 
welcome were theirs. What enfolding in mother's arms ; 
what loving light in sister's eyes. The proud dignity of 
wife and sweet possession of her who had pledged him holy 
troth ; all these were his. Let your mind run riot, if you so 
will, amid all that is truest, tenderest and best in human 
affections and it will yet need the settings of war to give 
to the picture the divine love of man and woman, were the 
woman wife or mother, in the days of the '6o's. 

The public, too, must do them honor ; that is the loyal 
public, for treason had many friends in Northern States, 
and Peoria gave them a public reception. It was given by 
the women, of course, those magnificent women who main- 
tained at Peoria a "Soldiers' Rest" and who, upon twenty 
minutes' notice, would have ready a supper for a coming 
regiment and a committee at the station to welcome them. 
It was given at Rouse's Hall, Friday evening, July 29, 1864, 
to the 47th Illinois and the 8th Missouri, jointly. 

The veterans met at the Union League Association Rooms 
over Dewein's store and from there, headed by Bohlender's 
Band, marched to Rouse's Hall. The Honorable Thomas 
Cratty, on behalf of the ladies, bade them welcome in earn- 



BUGLE ECHOES I25 

est, loyal words. The full length of the hall three tables 
extended, loaded with all the good things love and thought- 
ful care could provide. For two hours they feasted and 
then followed addresses, toasts and music. The Honorable 
William Kellogg made an eloquent address, a half hour in 
length, that was a splendid tribute to the brave men before 
him. This was followed by the Union Glee Club singing 
"The American Ensign." The sentiment, "The Fallen 
Brave," was responded to by Rev. Richard Hayne ; then fol- 
lowed a toast to the 47th by Thomas Cratty. The Union 
Glee Club sang the following song, composed by Mrs. 
Frances B. M. Brotherson for the 47th. 

Hail to the Heroes ! the brave and true ; 
Blessings descend on their paths like dew ; 
Who, strong in the pride of manhood's might, 
Went forth their country's battles to fight. 
Around and above on their onward way 
Shone the bright gleam of Liberty's ray, 
And proudly their banner waved afar, 
Bearing the glory of Stripe and Star. 

Faithful and firm on the crimsoned field. 

With a purpose holy and noble steeled. 

They have won the glory time cannot destroy. 

Calmly as stands the wave-dashed rock ; 

No craven fear subdues their souls. 

As fiercely the tide of stern strife rolls. 

Stand up in thy majesty, Illinois, 

They have won thee glory time cannot destroy. 

And yet, as we number each brave band o'er, 
There are missing feet that return no more ; 
And sadly we hush our tones of glee 
As we linger with thee, oh, memory! 
With chastened feelings our spirits tell 
How nobly they fought, how nobly they fell ; 
And with folded wings o'er their calm, sweet rest, 
Hero and martyr, we deem them blest. 



126 BUGLE ECHOES 

This song was printed upon slips of paper and sold to 
the public at twenty-five cents a copy for the benefit of 
soldiers, and netted a handsome sum. Several toasts were 
then read by Mr. Cratty, one of the best being, "The 
Southern Movement." "It is not a Revolution. It is an 
Insurrection against an Resurrection. It is Slavery, the 
'Giant Despair' of all ages crying, 'Darken every lighthouse, 
put out every beacon fire on the summits of history, let every 
pilot be a traitor and every chart a lie, so that Humanity's 
ship may founder with all its precious freight, and its ruins 
gild the coasts of slavery." But the horizon is already rosy 
with Freedom's new morning and all manly "souls go 
marching on in the light of God." 

The last toast, "To the Ladies of the Loyal League of 
Peoria, who by their patriotic efforts in behalf of our coun- 
try and her soldiers have established forever their claim to 
our admiration and love," was responded to by Mr. J. H. 
Lippard of Texas. In closing Mr. Cratty proposed "three 
cheers for Abraham Lincoln, our next President," and amid 
the waving of handkerchiefs and flags, the hall resounding 
with cheers, the reception was concluded. 

A few days after this Henry Roberts of Captain John M. 
Brown's Company arrived in Peoria by boat from the 
General Hospital at Memphis. More than a year before he 
had been wounded in four different places, during the ter- 
rible charge at Vicksburg. One of his limbs had been but 
recently amputated and he had been discharged and sent 
home. During the trip up the river he had lain upon the 
boiler deck. The crew of the boat were disloyal, "copper- 
heads ;" they had cursed and reviled him and trampled upon 
his limb, injuring it severely. The case was brought to the 
attention of the "Women's National League." The soldier 
was sent to the "Central Hotel," his wounds dressed by Doc- 
tor C. D. Rankin, and proper provision made for care and 
sending him to his home at Toulon, 111. It was well for the 
crew of that boat that the veterans had departed from Peoria. 

We will now return to the regiment which we left at 
Memphis, Tenn. General C. C. Washburn, in command at 
Memphis, had been ordered by General Sherman to, assign 



BUGLE ECHOES 127 

the task of discipling Forrest to Smith and Mower, and in 
pursuance of this plan, the 47th, together with the balance 
of the brigade and the 9th Minnesota, which had been per- 
manently assigned to the brigade, left Memphis and arrived 
at La Grange. Tenn., on the 27th of June. Washburn's in- 
structions to Smith were to "bring Forrest to bay and whip 
him, if possible; at all events to hold him where he was 
and prevent him from moving upon the communications of 
Major-General Sherman." 

The force assigned to this work consisted of about 14,000 
men, among them one brigade of colored troops or, as 
known in the army registers, "Corp D' Afrique," under Col- 
onel E. Bouten. 

Taking with them an abundance of ammunition and 
twenty days' rations, they started on the 5th of July. Th^ 
infantry, artillery and train marched by the Davis' Mills 
Road to Ripley ; the cavalry taking a road running parallel 
through Grand Junction and Salisbury. Near Ripley the 
roads intersected and here the cavalry took the advance and 
the column passed on through Ripley, New Albany and 
Pontotoc. Colonel Alexander Wilken was in command of 
the 2d Brigade, he being the senior officer. At New Albany 
the Tallahatchee River was crossed. The enemy were finally 
located near Okalona, Miss., on the 12th of July, strongly 
posted. On the 13th Smith started for Tupelo, eighteen 
miles distant, that he might choose his own battle ground. 
The 2d Brigade was assigned the task of protecting the 
flanks of the wagon train, the white canvas covers having 
always great attraction for Forrest's followers. The colored 
troops and the 7th Kansas Cavalry guarded the rear. The 
cavalry in advance maintained a running skirmish for ten 
miles with two regiments of Confederates. Smith, whose 
object was to get possession of the railroad as well as choose 
his own ground, had given orders to keep well closed up 
and not halt unless absolutely necessary. This was gall and 
wormwood to the colored troops, who almost from the start, 
had been receiving the skirmish fire of the pursuing Con- 
federates, and who were eager to avenge the massacre at 
Fort Pillow. Three distinct charges were made upon the 
rear and each handsomely repulsed, the colored troops form- 



128 BUGLE ECHOES 

ing ambuscades and firing into their trapped foe with ter- 
rible effect. When within about six miles of Tupelo, Forrest 
made a charge with four brigades of cavalry upon the wagon 
train. 

The nth Missouri and the 47th Illinois were deployed 
and held the road until the train had safely passed, when 
they rejoined the brigade. By this time the ist Brigade was 
being engaged heavily and the 2d Brigade was pushed for- 
ward to its support. The 2d Iowa Battery was doing ter- 
rible execution. Lieutenant Joseph Reed, ever cool and in- 
trepid, inspired his men with the same qualities and they 
manned their guns earnestly and well. In a brief half hour 
the enemy lost 500 men. The enemy killed 27 mules, but 
failed to capture a single wagon. The bitterest of all, how- 
ever, was that their defeat was in part accomplished by 
"damned niggers," who had ambushed and outwitted them. 




MAJOR ROYAL OLMSTED. 



Enlisted as 1st SergeHiit, Company D, August 16, 1861. 

Promoted, 2d Lieutenant, December 6, 1862. 

Promoted, Captain, Company A, (reorganization) October 11, 1864. 

Promoted, Major, May 19, 1865. 

Mustered out, January 21, 1866. 



BUGLE ECHOES 12g 



CHAPTER XXIX. 



Tupelo — Confederate accounts — A. I. Smith's account — 
Colonel Alexander Wilkin killed — Colonel John D. McClure 
in command of "Eagle Brigade" — continuation of Smith's 
report. 



General B. H. Grierson in command of the cavalry report- 
ing that he was in possession of Tupelo, General Smith 
passed the train through the ist Division and parked it about 
two miles west of Tupelo, so placing his troops as to fully 
protect it. The position was a strong one along the crest of 
a ridge in the center of an open field beyond which was 
heavy timber with scanty undergrowth. 

By daylight Smith was ready. From Wyeth's "Life of 
Forrest" we extract the following: "Between sundown and 
dark of the 13th, after the Confederates had encamped for 
the night, the scouts having reported that the Federals were 
bivouacing in line of battle about a mile in front, General 
Forrest determined to make a careful reconnoissance of their 
positon. Greatly fatigued by the heavy work and intense 
heat of the day, he and General Lee had dismounted from 
their horses and were conversing at some distance from 
their respective staffs. General Lee was seated upon the 
ground, leaning against the trunk of a tree, while Forrest 
in his shirt sleeves, having pulled off his coat and spread it 
upon the ground, was lying down at full length. Suddenly 
he started up, put on his coat, mounted his horse, and called 
to Lieutenant Samuel Donaldson, of his staff, to mount and 
come with him. Riding through the woods they made a 
wide detour, and in about an hour and a half, it being by 
this time very dark, they came up well in the rear of the 
Federal army and soon found themselves among the wagons 
where the Union teamsters were busily engaged feeding 
their animals. About a half hour after they had started, 
-9 



130 BUGLE ECHOES 

Forrest remarked to Donaldson, "I have left my pistols." 
The Lieutenant replied that he had one and offered it to 
the General, who, however, declined, saying "It doesn't 
matter much, anyway. I don't think we will have any use 
for them.' As it was so dark, the color of their uniforms 
could not be seen and no notice was taken of the two horse- 
men as they deliberately passed along the rear of the Union 
encampment. Having satisfied himself as to the position 
of the enemy, Forrest then turned in the direction of his 
own camp. They had proceeded about two hundred yards 
when they were suddenly halted by two Federal soldiers 
who were on picket. Riding directly up to these men, 
Forrest in a tone of affected indignation, said, "What do 
you mean by halting your commanding oflticer?" And with- 
out other remark passed the sentries, who did not discover 
the ruse which had been practiced upon them until it was 
too late. Realizing the mistake they had made, they again 
challenged the horsemen, who by this time were seventy or 
eighty yards away, and on account of the darkness could 
not now be seen. Anticipating that they would be fired at, 
Forrest and Donaldson crouched down quickly upon their 
horses, put spurs to them and broke into a full run along 
the narrow roadway through the woods. The pickets fired, 
but the shots which came whizzing in that direction did no 
damage." 

Forrest's report says: "At a late hour in the night, ac- 
companied by one of my staff officers, I approached Har- 
risburg and discovered the enemy strongly posted and pre- 
pared to give battle next day." 

The battle of the 14th opened at 8 130 in the morning by 
the enemy attacking the right, but they were easily re- 
pulsed after one volley at short range and a bayonet charge. 

Wyeth says, "By this time it was eight o'clock. The sky 
was cloudless and the heat of the mid- July sun was already 
intense. For thirty days so little rain had fallen in this 
section that the earth was parched, the blades on the corn- 
stalks were twisted, the leaves were withering, the highways 
were filled with dust and the wet-weather streams and 
branches were now as dry as the roadbeds. It was with 



BUGLE ECHOES I3I 

difficulty enough water could be obtained to fill the can- 
teens of the troops of the two small armies which stood fac- 
ing each other in battle array." 

There was now precipitated a battle tragedy for a parallel 
to which the historian will in vain search the records. With- 
out co-ordination or concert of action between the different 
portions of the assailing line, and without proper control, 
even of the separate commands, one brigade after another 
in isolated rashness precipitated itself against the exceed- 
ingly strong position ; and as wave after wave of the ocean 
is scattered in spray against the unyielding cliffs these waves 
"of living valor rolling on the foe" were dashed to pieces. 

At this point we continue the narrative by quoting from 
the official report of General A. J. Smith: "Passing toward 
our right, they rallied at the edge of the timber and were re- 
inforced and supported by their whole available force and 
once more returned to the attack, which this time was made 
on the 1st Division, Brigadier-General Mower commanding. 
The enemy started from the edge of the timber in three lines, 
at the same time opening with about seven pieces of artillery. 
At first their lines could be distinguished separately, but 
as they advanced they lost all semblance of lines and the 
attack resembled a mob of huge magnitude. There was no 
skirmish line or main line or reserve, but seemed to be a foot 
race to see who could reach us first. They were allowed to 
approach, yelling and howling like Commanches to within 
cannister range, when the batteries of the ist Division 
opened upon them. Their charge was evidently made with 
the intention to capture our batteries and was gallantly 
made but without order, organization or skill. They would 
come forward and fall back, rally and forward again, with 
the like result. Their determination may be seen from the 
fact that their dead were found within thirty yards of our 
batteries. After two hours' fighting in this manner, General 
Mower losing all hope of their attempting any closer quar- 
ters, advanced his lines about a quarter of a mile, driving the 
enemy before him from the field and covering their dead and 
wounded. Two hundred and seventy of their dead were 
counted upon the field immediately in his front. Their 
wounded were removed to hospitals with our own and prop- 



132 BUGLE ECHOES 

erly cared for. Not having transportation, the small arms 
they left upon the field were ordered to be broken. This 
ended the hard fighting of the day." 

Very early in the engagement Colonel Alexander Wilken 
of the 9th Minnesota, a brave and gallant soldier who was 
in command of the "Eagle Brigade," was killed and Colonel 
John D. McClure of the 47th directed the movement of the 
brigade throughout the fight. 

Continuing his report, General Smith says: "My troops 
were so exhausted with the heat, fatigue and short rations, 
that it was not possible to press them farther. The loss of 
the enemy in this day's fighting could not fall short of 1,800 
killed, wounded and missing ; 60 prisoners were captured un- 
wounded and have been turned over to the Provost Marshal, 
District of Memphis, with complete lists. During the after- 
noon the enemy attempted to attack our rear from the east 
side of Tupelo, but were promptly driven back by General 
Grierson's cavalry. At sundown the enemy making no 
demonstrations whatever, I directed the main bodies of my 
command to fall back about six hundred yards toward the 
wagons in order to give the men rest and opportunity to 
cook their rations, leaving a strong skirmish line to hold their 
positions. At about 11 P. M., the enemy attempted a night 
attack, drove in the skirmishers on the left, but were 
promptly met and repulsed by the 2d and 3d Brigades of the 
3d Division and the Brigade U. S. Colored Troops under 
Colonel Bouten. The skirmish line was then doubled and 
the men allowed to rest. 

On the morning of the 15th it was found that owing to 
the fact that much of our bread was spoiled when drawn 
from the commissary depot we had left on hand but one day's 
rations. Our artillery ammunition was also all issued and 
we had remaining only about one hundred rounds per gun. 
It, therefore, became a matter of necessity to return. Leav- 
ing the troops still in line, I directed General Grierson to 
destroy the railroad for about five miles each way, and 
moving the wounded of the enemy into Tupelo into com- 
fortable quarters and leaving two of my own surgeons with 
ten days' supplies to attend to them, I ordered the return. 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 33 

I am sorry to say that for lack of transportation and the 
character of their wounds I was obliged to leave about forty 
of the worst wounded cases of my command at Tupelo. I 
sent out one brigade of cavalry on the Pontotoc Road to 
bring off a gun of the enemy's which had been disabled the 
day before, which they did after some slight skirmishing. 
It being now nearly noon and no demonstration from the 
enemy, I directed Colonel Moore, commanding 3d Division, 
to withdraw his line and take the advance with his com- 
mand and proceed on the Ellistown Road, moving very 
slowly, the train to follow with sick and wounded protected 
well on the flanks by a brigade of cavalry and in the rear 
•by the colored brigade. General Mower and the remainder 
of the cavalry covered the withdrawal. On removing the 
troops from the eminence on the left of the line, they took 
possession of it and were attempting to place a battery in 
position, when Colonel Bouten with two regiments of his 
command and General Mower with two brigades, charged 
and drove them from their position, following nearly a mile. 
The troops then withdrew without molestation. 

On reaching Old Town Creek, where we encamped for 
the night, the ist Division was ordered to pass the 3d and 
take position in advance, so that they might be in readiness 
to take the advance in the morning. They had scarcely 
passed when a small force of the enemy, numbering perhaps 
1,000 men, took position on the hill just passed and com- 
menced shelling the camp. General Mower turned back 
two of his regiments and with a brigade of the 3d Division 
turned and drove them back about a mile with heavy loss 
on their part. From this date nothing more was seen of them. 

We encamped at Ellistown on the i6th, near New Albany 
the 17th, near the Tippah the i8th, and reached Salem the 
19th, where we found supplies awaiting our arrival. On 
the 2oth moved to Davis' Mills and on the morning of the 
2 1 St to La Grange, having been gone seventeen days. The 
roads were in very fair condition, but dusty. The weather 
was exceedingly warm and we found but little water. The 
line officers and men deserve lasting praise for the manner 
in which they endured the hardships and fatigue of the 
campaign ; marching over dusty roads with only one-half or 



134 BUGLE ECHOES 

one-third rations under a broiling sun, with little water, 
is certainly a severe test of their zeal and patriotism. All 
honor be to the noble men whose breasts are the bulwarks 
of our nation. The Division Commanders gallantly and 
faithfully discharged the duties assigned them with zeal 
and ability. 

I only ask that our country may always find such sons in 
her hour of need. General Mower was more fortunate than 
the others in being in the exact position where the hardest 
fighting occurred and nobly bore the brunt and deserves the 
bays. The colored brigade under Colonel Bouten fought 
exceedingly well and showed the efifects of discipline and_ 
drill, and I am free to confess that their action has removed 
from my mind a prejudice of twenty years' standing. It 
is with pain that I have to announce the death of Colonel 
Alexander Wilken, 9th Minnesota Volunteers, who was 
killed early in the engagement of the 14th. He dies as a 
soldier may, at his position on the field of battle. Although 
but a short time with the command, yet his many noble 
traits had endeared him to all. Death's peace rest o'er him. 
The enemy's loss will reach 3,000 men killed, wounded and 
prisoners during the expedition." 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 35 



CHAPTER XXX. 



General N. B. Forrest's report — living on green corn — 
Mower wins the double stars — return of the veterans — re- 
ports of Forrest's death — detailed to 2d Iowa Battery — 
Forrest doubles and captures Memphis — an interchange of 
courtesies — Abbeyville, Mississippi — incidents of the fight — 
devotion to duty — mustered out. 



Forrest reports, "Three of my brigade commanders, 
Rucker, McCullough and Crossland, were severely wounded, 
and all the Colonels were either killed or wounded ; 210 were 
killed and 1,116 wounded." Forrest himself was wounded 
in the right foot, and the report spread that he was killed. 

The Confederate Colonel Crossland reports : "The action 
of the 14th was the most severe and destructive ever encoun- 
tered by the troops of this brigade, who were veterans in 
the service. Their loss was unprecedented. Nobly each 
man did his duty, not one failing to respond. There were 
no laggards, no cowards, every man was keenly alive to 
the interest he had personally in the contest." 

Crossland's Brigade lost 46 per cent in killed and 
wounded. Wyeth says : "The loss in Crossland's Brigade 
was not often surpassed during the war, and then only in 
those long continuous engagements which occupied one or 
more days ; but in no battle of the war which lasted no 
longer than an hour and a half (the time the troops were 
engaged at Harrisburg) was there such great loss." 

During the return to Memphis the 47th in common with 
the rest of the command subsisted principally upon green 
corn. As usual upon all such expeditions the "contrabands" 
followed the army in great swarms in quest of freedom. 
Upon this expedition the 47th lost 4 wounded and 2 missing. 



136 BUGLE ECHOES 

July 22d the regiment was once more at their old camp 
in Memphis, which they had left a month previously. Dur- 
ing that month they had marched 250 miles. Upon the 
Tupelo raid the division lost 52 killed and 286 wounded. 
This campaign won for Mower the straps of Major-General. 
From Captain to Major-General in three years, always with 
the same troops — what a story of bravery, endurance and 
never-failing success is contained in the one fact. 

On the 25th of July Dr. George L. Lucas was again pro- 
moted and transferred to the Army of the Cumberland and 
sent to Rome, Ga. 

August 1st the veterans rejoined the regiment and on the 
2d the 47th took cars for Holly Springs. Reports were cur- 
rent of Forrest's death from lockjaw, and so Washburn 
wired Sherman, who reported it to General Grant. So 
solicitous was Sherman regarding the welfare of this dar- 
ing and dashing Confederate soldier that he sent inquiry to 
Washburn, "Is Forrest surely dead? If so, tell General 
Mower I am pledged to him for his promotion and if "Old 
Abe" don't make good my promise, then General Mower can 
have my place." 

August 1 2th Sherman wired Secretary Stanton, "Please 
convey to the President my thanks for the commission for 
General Mower, whose task was to kill Forrest. He only 
crippled him. He is a young man and game officer." If 
Forrest was alive, Smith and Mower were awake and 
active. Another expedition was organized and on the 9th 
of August was at the Tallahatchee River, between Holly 
Springs and Oxford. 

General Dabney H. Maury had been in temporary com- 
mand of Forrest's force, but no sooner had he heard of the 
movement of Smith and Mower than Forrest again assumed 
command and started for Oxford. 

On the loth Chalmers' forces appeared in front of the 
Union troops and a brisk skirmish was had at the Talla- 
hatchee. Fighting stubbornly and persistently, Chalmers 
was driven back to Oxford. 





QUARTERMASTER 
WILLIAM M. PATTON. 
Enlisted as Private Company A, August 
16, 1861. 
Prisoner of War. 
Mustered out, December 16. 1864 
Appointed Quartermaster March 22, 1865. 
Mustered out, January 2i, 1866. 



LIEUT. WILLIAM H. DENCHPIELD- 

COMPANY K. 





CAPTAIN JOHN M. BROWN 
Company K. 



CAPTAIN GEORGE PUTERBAUGH 
Company E. 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 37 

On the 1 2th of August a detail of 50 men was made 
from the 47th to do duty with the 2d Iowa Battery. On 
the 14th a severe fight was had at Hurricane Creek, giving 
the 47th boys an opportunity of showing that not only were 
they good in those qualities before developed as engineers, 
foot cavalry, infantry, road-makers, etc., but that they were 
equal to manning a battery. The fight lasted for two hours 
and the Confederates were driven for five miles toward 
Oxford. The rains were heavy and almost unintermittant. 

Leaving Chalmers in Smith's front to hold him in check, 
Forrest, on the night of the i8th, took a large portion of 
his force and, making a detour to the west, was at dawn 
far in Smith's rear and on his way to Memphis, one hundred 
miles distant. Arriving there on the morning of the 21st 
he dashed into the city before dawn, took 500 prisoners and 
a number of horses, but failed in his main object which 
was to capture General C. C. Washburn, who was in com- 
mand of the district. General Washburn only succeeded in 
escaping in his night clothes, leaving behind him his uniform 
which Forrest captured but afterwards returned with a 
polite note. Washburn, not to be outdone in courtesy, had 
a Confedrate uniform made by Forrest's old tailor and sent 
it to him with his compliments. Finding Forrest gone Smith 
returned to Memphis. Upon the return trip the 47th had 
another engagement at Hurricane Creek. Up to the 17th 
instant Colonel John D. McClure was in command of the 
brigade and Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel R. Baker in com- 
mand of the regiment, but upon that date Colonel Lucius F. 
Hubbard of the 5th Minnesota returned from home, whither 
he had gone with the re-enlisted veterans of that regiment, 
and again assumed command of the brigade. 

On the 23d the enemy were met at Abbeville, Miss., where 
the 47th. holding the advance, was briskly engaged, losing 
two men during a charge. The Confederate loss was severe, 
19 being killed and a large number wounded. 

Green corn was a staple article of diet for men and horses 
upon this expedition, as it had been upon the previous one 
to Tupelo. 

In the fight at Abbeville, Lieutenant D. C. Ross of the 
47th, in charge of the picket first attacked, showed conspicu- 



138 BUGLE ECHOES 

ous courage and skill. Whether it was because their time 
was so near out and they felt that this might be their last 
chance, or because so many of the old boys were away and 
they deemed it necessary to do double duty, certain it is 
that more than the usual number made individual records. 
William M. Patton, always adventurous, went out with 
one of Smith's scouts and was captured, remaining for a 
long while in prison at Cahawba, Ala. 

James B. Auten, detailed to the 26. Iowa Battery, worked, 
stripped to the waist, covered with sweat and grime, as 
though the safety of the whole army depended upon that 
single gun which Scott Rice was directing. Lewis Cady of 
Company "C" was caught while foraging for peaches and 
never again heard from. Lieutenant Law also had a nar- 
row escape from capture. B. F. Ellis of Company "A," who 
had re-enlisted, was in Memphis when Forrest entered it 
and was made a prisoner. One of the most inconspicuous, 
quiet, earnest workers, always keenly alive to the needs of 
the sick and wounded, was Surgeon Luther M. Andrews. 

There was little to lighten up the service of the 47th. 
It was constant, earnest work from start to finish. If they 
had a watchword it was "Duty," but these men came of that 
splendid stock to whom duty was a necessity and came as 
a matter of course. Old age will never dim the picture of 
those memorable days, framed in the golden memory of 
the soldiers of the 47th. Youthful ardor confidently fol- 
lowed skill and valor to accomplished purpose. Leaders 
worthy to wear the laurel and bathe in woman's smiles were 
those of the 47th. 

Every officer of the field and stafif made heroic record, and 
four Colonels died in their country's service, while two 
Majors were sorely stricken by rebel lead. 

No line of battle but saw the "brave young faces, sternly 
set," of Bowen, Poole and Blood cheering "A" to victory. 
Biser and Kinnear had no thought of fear. Broad and Law 
and Gilbert, both the Townsends and Capp, what man of 
"B," "C" or "D" can ever forget those peerless officers? 
George Puterbaugh, Pierce, Ed. Isbell, Jay Rupert, Toby, 
Gordon, Wilkins and Gray — what varied characteristics and 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 39 

how noble each ; Chester Andrews, Robinson, Wyle, Brown, 
Denchfield, Hawks — laurels eternal and a nation's love. 

August 26th the regiment reached Holly Springs and on 
the 30th were back to their old quarters at Memphis. The 
47th, with the exception of two companies, were mustered 
into service on the i6th of August, and their time was, there- 
fore, up but they were retained until the 2d of October, the 
date when the last company's time expired. Men upon de- 
tached duty were returned to their commands and every 
preparation made for final discharge. 

On the ist of September the division was ordered down 
the river. The re-enlisted veterans, and those who had been 
enrolled since leaving Peoria, bade the old regiment "Good- 
bye," and departed. The regiment remained at Memphis, 
doing picket duty and searching wagons and persons leav- 
ing Memphis, for contraband goods, until the 24th, when its 
arms, camp equipage and all Government property was 
turned over and at sundown the regiment embarked upon 
the steamer "New York" for Cairo. 

Upon this trip a vote for President' was taken, resulting 
Lincoln 295, McClellan 15. Company "K" had with it a 
lead cannon, from which salutes were fired as the boat passed 
up the river. Cairo was reached September 26th and a 
train of cattle cars bore them to Springfield, which was 
reached on the 28th. The regiment went into quarters at 
Camp Butler to await completion of rolls and discharge 
papers. 

On the 2d of October orders were received for the regi- 
ment to proceed to St. Louis to take part in the move- 
ments against Price, who had invaded the State of Mis- 
souri. Gladly would the boys have gone, although their 
time was more than up and home and loved ones so near, 
but they were without arms or equipment, many absent upon 
short leave, and they were in no condition for efficient ser- 
vice. Through the intercession of Colonel McClure and 
Honorable Shelby M. Cullom these orders were counter- 
manded and upon the nth day of October, 1864, the regi- 
ment was mustered out of the service. 



140 BUGLE ECHOES 



CHAPTER XXXI. 



Public receptions at Washington and Peoria — Colonel 
Thrush's sword — charge at Tupelo — Colonel Cromwell — 
Coolness of Lieutenant Bonham — Burdette in battle — evolu- 
tion of a soldier's quarters — summary. 



Returning to their homes, pubHc receptions, dinners and 
various festivities awaited them. A reception was tendered 
them at Washington, at the head of which was Mrs. Daniel 
Miles, the widow of a beloved Lieutenant-Colonel. At 
Peoria the Women's National League gave them a royal 
welcome on the evening of October 25th. 

At six o'clock in the afternoon the members of the old 
regiment assembled at the rooms of the Loyal League and 
preceeded by Spencer's Band marched to the T. P. & W. 
depot to meet the incoming comrades from abroad. From 
there they marched to the Peoria House and serenaded Gen- 
eral John M. Palmer, their old commander. After such 
warm greetings as only soldiers know, they repaired to 
Rouse's Hall. Here they found long tables decked with 
flags and flowers, while over the stage "Welcome to the 
47th" was festooned and above and below were the names 
of Miles, Thrush and Cromwell in letters of evergreen en- 
twined with black. Colonel Bryner gave them formal wel- 
come and was followed by Dr. Gibson, who welcomed them 
in behalf of the "Women's National League." The Prince- 
ville Glee Club rendered a patriotic selection and Spencer's 
Band played "Home, Sweet Home," an air that had been 
forbidden at Rienzi nearly three years before, so homesick 
were many of the boys in the brigade. Following this Cap- 
tain George Puterbaugh responded on behalf of the regiment 
in an address full of pathos and beauty and replete with 
reminiscence of the struggles and trials of the regiment 



BUGLE ECHOES I4I 

in which he had so long served. Then came the dinner, 
and such a dinner; well, the loyal women of Peoria served 
it — we can add no more. After the dinner General Palmer 
came in, the old hall rang with cheers and the General, 
ever happy, was at his best. Just as he concluded 
Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll entered, and the ovation to 
Palmer was repeated for the Colonel. Eloquent ever, his 
lips upon that occasion seemed touched with divine fire. 
Addresses were also made by Enoch P. Sloan and others 
present. 

Before leaving this part of the story of the 47th. it may 
be well to add a few notes that are of interest that have not 
before found place, either because they were unknown at 
the time such portion of the narrative was written or be- 
cause no place seemed fitting. As showing the superior 
manner in which the 47th was officered and cared for from 
the start, its sick list from the time of leaving Peoria, 
through the Missouri campaign and that of Island Ten, New 
Madrid and Corinth, was less than that of any other regi- 
ment with which they were associated. 

When Colonel Thrush left Peoria he was presented with a 
beautiful sword by the Peoria Commandery, Knights Tem- 
plar, of which he was a member. The fact of presentation 
was engraven upon its hilt. When his body was removed 
from the field at Corinth his sword could not be found, and 
was supposed to have been carried oflF by the enemy, who 
for a time occupied the ground where he fell. Several 
months afterward it was received by his family at Peoria 
through the United States Express Company, charges pre- 
paid, without a line of evidence to show from whence it 
came. It was at that time presumed that it had been found 
by some member of the Masonic fraternity in the Confed- 
erate army, who sent it to its rightful owners, and for forty- 
two years such has been the belief of the friends of Colonel 
Thrush. In the preparation of this work Lieutenant C. H. 
Robinson of Company "I," now a resident of Fresno, Cali- 
fornia, in a private Ittter, sent the following account of the 
death of Colonel Thrush and the recovery of his sword: 
"You ask me what I know about the death of Colonel 
Thrush. I presume I know more about the manner of his 



142 BUGLE ECHOES 

death than any other man, living or dead. We had come 
upon the field from our bivouac, where we had spent the 
brief spell, from midnight until 3 o'clock in the morning, the 
night before. We had piled our knapsacks and blankets 
and "double-quicked" two or three miles to get position be- 
fore the "rebs" could get in. We went in by right flank, 
came to front and took position just over the brow of a 
small elevation. Colonel Thrush rode down the line, dis- 
mounted and asked me if I had any water. I handed him 
my canteen without removing the strap from my neck. 
When he fell, it was from a shot which pierced his heart. 
He was caught in my arms, and as I laid him down I exam- 
ined the wound, saw its nature and saw that he was dead. 
Knowing that he was the only field officer of the regiment 
present and that Captain Harman Andrews of Company "G" 
was the ranking Captain, I told him Thrush was dead, and 
he assumed command. I was instructed to take four men 
from my company and take the body to the rear at once, 
which I did. I found an ambulance, in which I had the 
body placed, and soon after, finding Surgeon Lucas, I gave 
the body into his charge. The engagement had just com- 
menced when the Colonel fell. Just before we found the 
ambulance the rebels had come up on our left and were 
shooting right down the line. The bullets were dropping 
all around us in the dust of the road like hail stones. When 
we returned to our Company we found the regiment had 
fallen back towards the town, and we found only fifteen or 
twenty of the 47th gathered around the flag. It was a 
fearful slaughter. When we got to the ambulance we dis- 
covered that the Colonel's sword and my own were both lost 
from the scabbards. Several months afterwards I was in 
the ordnance department at Memphis, Tenn., looking at the 
trophies gathered from the various battle fields and found 
there both swords, the Colonel's having his name engraven 
upon the hilt. I gave a requisition and took both swords. 
Shortly afterwards the Colonel's was sent to Mrs. Thrush 
at Peoria. My own I yet have and prize it highly, as it is 
the one Captain Jackman carried and which he gave me 
when he resigned and returned home to shortly after- 
wards die." 



BUGLE ECHOES I43 

In the charge of the 2nd Brigade at Tupelo, the 47th, in 
their eagerness, far outstripped the rest of the brigade and 
alone broke the Confederate lines, driving them in con- 
fusion. 

When Colonel Cromwell fell at Jackson, Tenn., his body- 
was taken in charge by the Masons and buried there. 
Friends in the East experienced considerable difficulty in 
recovering the remains, but in December, 1864, his body was 
removed to Newark, N. J., where it now rests. 

At Marksville, Ark., Lieuteant Edward Bonham was act- 
ing as Adjutant of the regiment. Elisha Rice, who was 
watching him, says : "He was seated upon his horse near 
the trunk of a blasted tree, when the bullet of a rebel sharp- 
shooter struck the tree, knocking off the bark, some of which 
fell upon his shoulder. Brushing off the dirt, he gave a 
glance at the tree, and then nonchalantly throwing one limb 
over the pommel of his saddle, sat there as two other bullets 
struck near the same spot. By this time the boys had 
discovered the source from whence the shots came and a 
well sped bullet put a stop to the game." As an instance of 
coolness this would be hard to beat. 

In the excitement of battle man's inner nature is apt to 
show forth. A preacher may become profane and a pirate 
pray. Look into the mild, laughing brown eyes of America's 
sweetest humorist, read the tender sonnets from his pen or 
listen to the loving pleadings from his pulpit and imagine, 
if you can, Robert J. Burdette a tiger in action. Yet so he 
was, every crack of his rifle a joy, his face illumined ; battle 
was an inspiration and his wit never so nimble as then. One 
forgets what is said in such an hour. Action leaves only 
impressions ; one remembers fierce imprecations, but not the 
words ; he is conscious of shouts, but knows not wherefore ; 
he laughs at something said, but forgets what it was. The 
boys of Company "B" laughed often with gentle Robert, but 
laughed loudest upon the battle line. 

The evolution of a soldier's quarters in the 6o's was inter- 
esting. To the 47th it was something like this : In the 
spring of '61 a good home at the farm ; next, cattle sheds 
at Peoria altered for barracks ; then came the Sibly tent, 



144 BUGLE ECHOES 

large and conical, intended for sixteen ; they were soldiering 
now and could expect nothing better in the field, so they 
would not grumble. Later they were content with wedge 
tents, and the mess was reduced to four, but these proved 
cumbersome ; trains must be reduced and then genius pro- 
duced the "pup" tent, two pieces of canvas, each a little 
bigger than a bath towel. When fastened together and set 
up they were intended to accommodate two men, that is, 
lying down ; to sit up, one went outside. And then came 
naught but God's canopy, beneath which the boys slept, be 
it a night of snow or rain or shining stars, and thus was 
God's work accomplished in the '60s. 

Twenty-six general engagements had these boys seen and 
skirmishes too numerous to recall. For 66 days out of 74 
they had been under fire on the Red River campaign. Fifty- 
one comrades had been killed in action and 273 wounded, 
nearly one-third of their original number. Three thousand 
one hundred thirteen miles had they marched and waded ; 
3,250 mlies had been covered by transports and 790 miles 
by railroads, a total of 7,153 miles. All of this in thirty- 
eight months. 



BUGLE ECHOES I45 



CHAPTER XXXII. 



The 7'eterans — the political situation in the North — dis- 
franchised soldiers — the Knights of the Golden Circle — 
Price invades Missouri — The Eagle Brigade in pursuit — the 
battery half hundred — Guerilla atrocities — election riots — re- 
organization — the veteran battalion — Nashville. 



There now remained of this veteran regiment but 196 
men, 50 of whom were serving with the 2nd Iowa Battery 
and the rest were under command of Lieutenants Edward 
Bonham and Royal Olmstead — the regimental organization 
had been dissolved — what was to become of them? The re- 
enlisted men of other commands were being assigned to 
regiments whose time had not yet expired. Would they be 
treated in like manner, and if so, where would they go? 
These long were burning questions for the veterans. 

After returning from the expedition to Moscow they 
remained with the balance of the regiment at Memphis 
until, as before stated, on the 2nd of September the two 
detachments bade each other farewell, the one to return 
home ; the other, with the remnant of the old veteran 
brigade, to follow Mower's further fortunes. The "Eagle," 
too, had gone home with the boys of the 8th Wisconsin 
and no longer was the brigade's battle emblem. Like a 
bereaved family, the 2nd brigade found the ties uniting 
them all the more closely knitted. 

Stirring political events were having their place in the 
conduct of the war. There were three distinct elements at 
work. The one represented by the Republican party, aided 
by the War Democrats or Douglas wing of the Democratic 
party, who had renominated Abraham Lincoln as their can- 
didate for the Presidency ; another, the "peace at any price" 
portion of the Democratic party, who had nominated Gen- 

-10 



146 BUGLE ECHOES 

eral George B. McClellan ; and the third, the copperhead or 
disloyal wing of the Democratic party, which was also sup- 
porting McClellan. The Union soldiers, for the most part, 
made no fine distinctions ; they recognized only those who 
were for or against them. Throughout the North all was 
excitement. The Legislatures of Illinois and Indiana had 
disfranchised their soldiers in the field, and they would not 
be permitted to vote at the November elections. In these 
two and other Northern States a strong, secret, treasonable 
organization existed known as the "Knights of the Golden 
Circle." This organization was armed and drilled and had 
for its purpose the aiding of the Southern Confederacy. The 
failure of the Red River expedition had given the Southern 
sympathizers fresh hope, and General Sterling Price was 
promised twenty thousand men if he would invade and hold 
Missouri with sufficient force. With this for his purpose, 
he and General Shelby crossed the Missouri border early in 
September, 1864, with a force twenty thousand strong and 
pushed toward Pilot Knob, on his way to St. Louis. It was 
against this invasion the troops of Mower were now diverted 
from Sherman, whom they had again started to rejoin, and 
the detachment of the 47th was a part of the expedition. 
Smith's command reached St. Charles, Ark., 90 miles below 
Memphis, on the night of the 3d. Moving up White River 
on the 7th, the brigade disembarked near Duvall's Bluflf, 
where it remained until the loth, when it proceeded to 
Brownsville, Ark. There it remained in camp until the nth. 

On the 17th began one of the most memorable marches 
and one which up to that time had not been equaled during 
the war and which, perhaps, was, all circumstances consid- 
ered, not equaled at any time. The distance from Browns- 
ville to Cape Girardeau, Mo., to which point the brigade 
was marched, by the route pursued, is 317 miles. While 
floundering among the Arkansas swamps it rained for three 
days, and the distance made was less than should have 
been made in one. The entire distance was covered in nine- 
teen days, on ten days' rations. The "Little Red" River 
was forded, as was also the "White" and "Black," the latter 
three times. The water was chin deep and the season Sep- 
tember. The fastidious stripped to their task, others never 



BUGLE ECHOES I47 

shed a garment. The roads were in worst possible condi- 
tion and the men in wretched pHght. Clothing was infested 
with "Graybacks" or army lice ; shoes worn out, hunger, 
dirt, weariness was the sad condition of these uncomplain- 
ing veteran soldiers. 

Cape Girardeau was reached on the 5th of October and, 
after drawing rations, the troops were embarked upon boats 
for St. Louis, which was reached on the 9th. At St. Louis 
the boys of the 47th, as did the entire force, drew new cloth- 
ing and again knew the luxury of a "square meal." 

On the 15th they went to Jefferson City. General W. S. 
Rosecrans was in command in Missouri and his headquar- 
ters were at Jefferson City. Here the detachment of the 
47th, commanded by Bonham and Olmsted, was detailed as 
provost guard at Rosecrans' headquarters and had a season 
of rest from the toils and hardships of campaigning. 

The half hundred who were with Lieutenant Reed and the 
2nd Iowa Battery continued, under that gallant commander, 
the pursuit of Price through Missouri and Kansas into 
Arkansas. Returning to St. Louis, Mo., they accompanied 
the brigade to Nashville, Tenn., and served the guns of 
Reed's magnificent Battery in the memorable fight on De- 
cember 15. 1864, and were the first to pierce the lines of 
Hood. 

While these organized forces of both the Federal Govern- 
ment and the Confederate were operating against each other 
there were elements at work in Missouri aiding Price, 
whose atrocities almost exceed human belief. 

In General Rosecrans' official report we find: "Rebel 
agents, amnesty oath takers, recruits, sympathizers, O. A. 
K.'s, and traitors of every hue and stripe had warmed into 
life at the approach of the great invasion. Women's fingers 
were busy making clothes for rebel soldiers out of goods 
plundered by the guerillas ; women's tongues were busy tell- 
ing Union neighbors 'their time was now coming.' 
***** These gangs of rebels, whose families 
had been living in peace among their loyal neighbors, com- 
mitted the most cold-blooded and diabolical murders, such as 
riding up to a farm house, asking for water and while re- 



148 BUGLE ECHOES 

ceiving it, shooting down the giver, an aged, inoffensive 
farmer, because he was a radical "Union man." In the 
single sub-district of Mexico, its commanding officer fur- 
nished a list of nearly one hundred Union men, who in the 
course of six weeks had been killed, maimed or "run off" 
because they were "radical Union men, or damned abolition- 
ists." 

About the ist of September Anderson's gang attacked a 
railroad train on the North Missouri Road, took from it 
twenty-two unarmed soldiers, many on sick leave, and, after 
robbing, placed them in a row and shot them in cold blood. 
Some of their bodies they scalped and put across the track 
and ran the engine over them. 

On the 27th, this gang, with numbers swollen to 300 or 
400, attacked Major Johnston with about 120 men of the 
39th Missouri Volunteer Infantry, raw recruits, and, after 
stampeding their horses, shot every man, most of them in 
cold blood. Anderson a few days later was recognized by 
General Price at Booneville as Confederate captain, and, 
with a verbal admonition to behave himself, was ordered 
by Colonel MacLean, chief of Price's staff, to proceed to 
North Missouri and destroy the railroads, which orders were 
found on the miscreant when killed by Lieutenant-Colonel 
Cox, about the 27th of October. 

By November Price was flying through Western Arkansas 
with an army broken and dispirited, Smith and Mower hav- 
ing driven him through Missouri and Kansas. 

Following this campaign, Mower, who had been made a 
Major-General, was sent for by Sherman and given com- 
mand of the 20th Corps, which he commanded upon the 
"March to the Sea." 

Mower was succeeded by another brave and efficient offi- 
cer, General John McArthur. The campaign against Price 
being closed, Smith went into winter quarters at Eastport, 
Tennessee. 

The 47th returned to St. Louis. As there seemed to be 
no immediate need for their active services, the boys applied 
for leave to return home to vote at the election pending and 



BUGLE ECHOES I49 

but four days distant. Permission was refused. On the 
afternoon of election day news of rioting in Chicago was 
received in St. Louis and the 47th immediately dispatched 
by a special train over the Chicago and Alton railroad to the 
scene of disorder. These men who had for three and a half 
years battled for the old flag, for liberty and the preserva- 
tion of the Union, were disfranchised. In the country's 
hour of need they were not only the nation's defenders, but 
preserved inviolate the purity of the nation's ballot. 

Bayonets are not to the liking of the lawless, and the 
trouble was soon over. The regiment, within a couple of 
days, was sent to Camp Butler, Springfield, 111. 

When the re-enlisted veterans had reached Cairo, upon 
their way to rejoin the regiment, they found Colonel Bryner 
there. Upon their arrival at Memphis, a petition was pre- 
pared and signed by every member of the detachment asking 
him to obtain authority, reorganize and again assume com- 
mand. This petition was forwarded to Springfield, Illinois, 
and permission was granted by Governor Richard Yates, 
and afterwards confirmed by Governor Richard J. Oglesby 
after his inauguration in January. The boys now had as- 
surance that the 47th was still to exist, a favor granted to 
only two or three Illinois regiments. At Camp Butler the 
detachment had received accessions sufficient to raise the 
force to a battalion of four companies. 

Leaving Springfield, Bonham and Olmstead proceeded to 
St. Louis, en route to rejoin the old Brigade. Reporting to 
General Rosecrans they were ordered to proceed by boat to 
Nashville, Tenn., but the river being full of floating ice, ren- 
dering navigation dangerous, the order was rescinded and 
they were sent by rail to Louisville, Ky. From there Lieu- 
tenant Bonham reported by telegraph to General Thomas at 
Nashville, on the 14th of October, and received orders to 
proceed to Bowling Green and protect the bridge at that 
point. 

The battalion numbered 226, only seventy-eight of 
whom were armed. Drawng arms at Louisville, the bat- 
talion proceeded to Bowling Green as ordered and remained 
there until the i6th of January, 1865, when they were 



150 BUGLE ECHOES 

sent to Eastport, Tenn., where they found the old division 
under command of General John McArthur and the 2d 
Brigade commanded by Colonel Lucius T. Hubbard. 

The battle of Nashville, Tennessee, occurred on the 15th 
and 1 6th of December, 1864. and was participated in by 
the brigade, with Smith's command, but owing to delays al- 
ready recited the 47th was not there, except the half hundred 
detailed and serving with Reed's 2d Iowa Battery. 

The service of this battery was unequaled throughout the 
two days' battle and the brigade covered itself with glory. 
It was in this fight, during a charge, that the troops of 
Smith in their ardor, pressing forward a little too rapidly, 
became slightly scattered, observing which General Thomas 
who was watching them remarked to Smith, "General, I 
notice your men are not keeping good formation." To which 
the grim and grizzled Smith replied, 'T only notice they are 
fighting like hell." The 47th was not without some of the 
glory at Nashville. 



BUGLE ECHOES 15! 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 



Oif for Mobile — at Spanish Fort — the siege — gallantry of 
Major Bonham — promotion of Bonham and Olmstead — 
Blakely — the colored troops — surrender of Mobile — Colonel 
Magee — on the march to Montgomery — nezvs of Lee's sur- 
render — at Montgomery — assassination of Lincoln — sad days 
— closing hours of the war — General Smith's farewell — Re- 
construction — mustered out. 



The stay at Eastport was of short duration. On the 8th 
of February the brigade was embarked on transports en 
route for Vicksburg. On the 14th it was debarked and went 
into camp four miles from the city. On the 19th it again 
re-embarked and on the 21st was at New Orleans and en- 
camped near the battlefield of Chalmette, where in 181 5 Gen- 
eral Jackson had so signally defeated the British. 

That night a furious rain-storm occurred, accompanied by 
fierce wind and the most vivid lightning and before morn- 
ing the boys, drowned out, were wading in water up to 
their knees. To these seasoned men this was a small matter 
for the weather was warm and sun and wind soon dried 
out their saturated equipments. 

March 5th the steamship "Guiding Star" bore the 47th 
out into the Gulf of Mexico and with prow pointing east- 
ward carried the boys to the conquest of Mobile, Alabama. 
Landing at Dauphin Island, it remained there several days. 
While upon Dauphin Island the oyster beds furnished a new 
and hitherto unknown addition to the army rations. 

On the 20th camp was broken, the brigade moving by 
transports up Fish River to Dannelly's Mills. The follow- 
ing day muskets were exchanged for spade and pick and de- 
fenses prepared, behind which the brigade lay until the 25th. 



152 BUGLE ECHOES 

They were twice attacked upon the picket Hne. but with- 
out effect. On the 25th the brigade moved out in the Deer 
Park road, being in the advance of the corps. Skirmishing 
began at once, but the enemy retired as the columns ad- 
vanced, led by the 9th Minnesota, who were occupying the 
front as skirmishers. Bonham, who had been advanced to 
Major ; Olmsted, Ryan, Heptonstall, Pluss and Wiar, who 
had received their commissions as Captains, were active 
and efficient during this advance and the subsequent invest- 
ment and capture of Spanish Fort and Blakeley. During 
the investment the 2d Brigade occupied a place in the center 
of the division. 

A line of the enemy's skirmishers were met about a mile 
from the Confederate works who doggedly contested every 
foot of the way as the lines of Hubbard steadily advanced. 
When the works were neared, fire was opened by the Con- 
federate batteries and volleys of musketry met the Federal 
line. Advancing to within a few hundred yards of the fort, 
the troops were halted. During the night of the 28th a 
line of investment was formed and intrenching commenced. 

The 8th Wisconsin occupied the right, followed by the 
47th, upon whose left was the 5th Minnesota, and beyond 
them the 9th Minnesota. The nth Missouri was in reserve. 
Pickets were placed within 300 yards of the works of the 
enemy. A sap was commenced and in a few days a parallel 
had l)een constructed up to within 300 yards of the main 
works. 

This parallel was manned by a body of 250 of the best 
sharpshooters (selected) in the brigade, under command of 
Captain A. P. French of the 5th Minnesota. These sharp- 
shooters were of the utmost service and harassed the enemy 
by preventing them from working the guns of the fort. 
Until the night of the 8th of April, the work upon the ap- 
proaches went forward. A few days before this the 47th 
had been greatly strengthened by the arrival of four addi- 
tional companies, which Colonel Bryner had formed and 
sent from Camp Butler. 

On the 8th the sharpshooters had been advanced to a 
point within 150 yards of the Confederate lines and the 47th 




CAPTAIN CHESTER ANDREWS 
Company I. 





\ 



CAPTAIN GEORGE KINNEAR 
Company F. 



CAPTAIN B. F. BISER 
Company B. 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 53 

was moved into the first parallel to support them. About 
two o'clock in the morning of the 9th, becoming suspicious 
that the enemy were evacuating, Captain French's sharp- 
shooters advanced as skirmishers, captured the enemy's 
pickets without opposition and found the works abandoned. 
Major Bonham, at the head of the 47th, entered the works 
and crossing a ravine to the left took Ft. Alexis, and placed 
guards over the guns and abandoned property found. This 
consisted of ten pieces of artillery, one mortar and a large 
quantity of ammunition, which was subsequently turned 
over to Major Boydston of the 13th Corps. 

During the siege of Spanish Fort the troops worked night 
and day upon the approaches. The siege lasted thirteen 
days, during which time the 2d brigade excavated 7,000 
cubic yards of dirt, and expended 169,000 rounds of musket 
ammunition. Upon the morning of the assault, two more 
companies arrived to the 47th and the regiment was com- 
plete. None ever deserved fairer reward of their country 
than Major Bonham and Captain Olmsted and, following 
the fall of Spanish Fort and Blakeley, these gallant soldiers 
received their commissions as Lieutenant-Colonel and Major 
respectively. 

The 47th had fifteen wounded at Spanish Fort, among 
them a most gallant officer. Captain George Ryan, who lost 
an arm. but who refused to be discharged and remained with 
the regiment as long as it was in service. 

The brigade lost 99, killed and wounded. No sooner was 
Spanish Fort surrendered than attention was turned to Fort 
Blakeley, and the division of McArthur directed to support 
the 2d division, which was in front of these works upon the 
left of the line. Upon the right was Hawkin's division of 
colored troops. The center was occupied by the 13th Corps. 
At 4 o'clock an advance was ordered along the whole line, 
and in the face of a terrific fire of musketry and heavy guns, 
over exploding torpedoes, with which the intervening space 
between the lines was planted, through a net-work of wire 
and protecting abatis, the Confederate lines were rushed and 
in less than half an hour the fight was over. This was the 
last battle of the war. 



154 BUGLE ECHOES 

Were it even remotely any part of the story of the 47th, 
it would be a pleasure to tell of the magnificent courage of 
the colored troops in this engagement. Upon them fell the 
full fury of the enemy's desperate courage, and bravely they 
met it. It is hard to give the full results of these two vic- 
tories. The Southern Confederacy was going to pieces and 
their defeated forces could not be held in cohesion. The 
provost Marshal-General reported 4 generals, 34 commis- 
sioned officers of lower grades, and 4,616 men, a total of 
4,924; a large number of flags, 231 piecs of artillery and 
great quantities of army and naval stores. This includes 
those surrendered at Mobile. The surrender of all the forces 
in that department was negotiated between General Canby 
and General Richard Taylor at Citronelle, Alabama, on the 
4th of May, 1865. 

The approaches to Blakeley having been plentifully sown 
with torpedoes, the captured prisoners were employed in re- 
moving them. 

On the 13th, in the midst of a driving storm, the i6th 
Corps started for the city of Montgomery, one hundred and 
sixty miles distant. As the 47th was moving out upon the 
road, General McArthur rode by upon a magnificent bay, 
and, as he passed the regiment, replied to their cheers by 
dofiing his Scotch cap and saying, "Boys, we'll soon be in 
out of the wet." 

Colonel Bryner, at "Camp Butler," Springfield, 111., had 
completed the reorganization of the regiment, having raised 
six new companies, which with the four already in the field, 
completed the full complement of ten companies. Four of 
these new companies had departed from Springfield and the 
two remaining companies were ready to leave, when Colonel 
Bryner took suddenly ill and was removed from Camp Butler 
to the Chenery House, Springfield, 111., where he expired the 
following morning, Sunday, March 19th, 1865. He had 
not been mustered into the service and the official rolls do not 
show him as Colonel of the regiment although he had ful- 
filled all the requirements to make him such. 

A few days before his illness, in conversation with a num- 
ber of officers, the name of David W. Magee, late Lieu- 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 55 

tenant-Colonel of the 86th, Illinois, had been incidentally 
mentioned and Colonel Bryner had spoken admiringly of 
his qualities as an officer and gentleman, saying that he knew 
of no one to whom he would sooner entrust the command of 
his regiment than Colonel Magee. When Governor Oglesby 
was informed of Colonel Bryner's death, he asked among 
other things if any wish had been expressed regarding the 
regiment The writer, then a mere boy, remembering this 
conversation, answered, "Yes, he wished Colonel Magee 
made Colonel of his regiment." 

"It shall be done," said the Governor, and the next day 
the commission was issued and by the 12th of April Colonel 
Magee had reached the regiment and assumed command. 
He was later brevetted Brigadier-General, which shows he 
was a worthy officer and that Colonel Bryner's estimate of 
him was correct. 

Sandy roads, pine forests and abundant water were found 
for the first few days of the march towards Montgomery. 
Then came heavy rain, the roads were of clay and the work 
laborious. Rumors of Lee's surrender at Appomatox were 
rife in camp for several days before the official notice was 
received, but from whence these rumors sprang no one knew. 

At Greenville, Alabama, on the 226, a staff officer gal- 
loped down the line, spurring his horse furiously and wav- 
ing a paper held in his hand, shouted, "Lee has surrendered, 
Lee has surrendered!" For a moment the men were dazed. 
Was it possible this could be true? Its full import meant 
realization of all the fondest wishes and longings of years. 
For the moment, it was a narrow boundary between tears 
and cheers ; then came shouts from the right ; and like a 
fierce storm, billowing, swelling louder and louder came 
wild cheers, which were taken up by regiment after regi- 
ment, and so the storm swept all the line. 

At every military post in the United States, upon receipt 
of the news from Secretary Stanton, a salute of two hundred 
gun was fired. For the first time the roar of the guns of 
the 1 6th corps proclaimed the glad tidings of peace — upon 
that afternoon — amid the pines of Alabama. The brigade 
reached Montgomery on the 25th. The rations issued that 



156 BUGLE ECHOES 

day were three tablespoonfuls of cornmeal per man, the 
transports not having arrived with the suppHes which had 
been sent by river, but the 47th did not suffer. Chickens and 
"razor back hog," confiscated en route, supphed every want. 

The brigade was encamped near the city for several days. 
A pontoon bridge was thrown across the Alabama River, 
leaves of absence were freely granted and commercial rela- 
tions soon established with the city's merchants. Confed- 
erate money was as plentiful as the wildest dreamer of "fiat"' 
currency could desire, and prices fluctuated as hope or fear 
predominated. One of the 47th boys paid $1,200 (Confed- 
erate) for a tin cup, plate, knife, fork and spoon. Prices 
in greenbacks were regulated upon a "give and take" plan. 
There is something pathetic in the story of finance of the 
ill-starred Confederacy. 

At Selma, Alabama, a few months after this time, there 
was floating through camp a story as follows : "After the 
surrender of Lee's army a party of young Confederate offi- 
cers were seated at their last mess together. Their land was 
desolated, hope of empire gone, slaves emancipated, glory 
faded, money worthless. Youth and hope, their only capital. 
Taking from his pocket a Confederate note, one of the young 
men seized a pen and wrote the following across its back." 

We quote from memory: 

"IN MEMORIAM. 

(Respectfully dedicated to holders of Confederate Treasury 

notes. ) 

Representing nothing on God's earth now, 

And naught in the waters beneath it, 
As a pledge of the Nation that's dead and gone. 

Keep it. dear friend, and show it. 

Show it to those who will lend an ear, 

To the tale that this paper will tell. 
Of liberty born, of a patriot's tear, 

Of a storm cradled Nation that fell. 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 57 

Too poor to possess the precious ores, 

And too proud of others to borrow, 
We issued today our promise to pay, 

And hoped to redeem on the morrow. 

The faith that was in us was strong indeed. 

And our poverty well discerned. 
While this little check represented the pay 

That our suffering volunteers earned. 

We knew it had scarcely a value in gold, 

Yet as gold each soldier received it. 
It gazed in our eyes with a promise to pay, 

And each patriot soldier believed it. 

Keep it, for it tells our history o'er, 

From the birth of its dream to the last. 

Modest and born of the Angel 'Hope,' 
Like the hope of success, it passed." 

It was at Montgomery, Alabama, the "Southern Confed- 
eracy" had birth, and it was there on the 29th day of April, 
1865, that news of the assassination of President Lincoln 
was received by the army under Smith. 

It was well for that beautiful city of the South that the 
era of good feeling had begun between its citizens and the 
Union army, else not one stone would have been left stand- 
ing upon another. Then, too, the paroled men from the 
Confederate armies had begun to arrive and were as earnest 
in their denunciations of the cowardly murder as were the 
"Boys in Blue." 

These boys in blue and gray knew each other as brave 
men and assassination is the work only of cowards. Colors 
were draped with mourning and every flag went to half- 
mast. All day long, May ist, minute guns sobbed their 
requiem for the dead. 

The brigade left Montgomery on the loth of May, cross- 
ing the Alabama River on the pontoon bridge, and marched 
to Selma. This point had been captured by the Union 



158 BUGLE ECHOES 

Cavalry force under General Wilson, "Mr. Wilson's critter 
back company," as they were termed by the "po' white 
trash" of that section, after an engagement with Forrest. 

Selma was a depot of supplies for the Confederacy and 
contained a large gun foundry and arsenal, which were de- 
stroyed. Pursuing his raid, he had captured Montgomery 
and West Point and at Irwinsville, Georgia, on the nth 
of May, had captured Jefferson Davis, the fleeing President 
of the Confederacy. Selma was a beautiful place. The 
regiment remained here but a short time when it was sent 
to Demopolis. 

The brigade was now scattered. On June 30th the 9th 
Minnesota was at Marion, the 8th Wisconsin at Uniontown 
and the balance of the brigade at Demopolis. During the 
summer and fall of 1865, the troops were being gradually 
mustered out of service. As each regiment was discliarged 
the men belonging to it, whose time had not expired, were 
transferred to other commands and in this manner the 47th 
received accessions from the 95th and io8th Illinois regi- 
ments. 

On the 8th day of August, 1865, the following farewell 
order was issued by General Smith : 

"Headquarters i6th Army Corps, 

Montgomery, Ala., Aug. 8th, 1865. 

General Orders, No. 35. 

The i6th Army Corps, having been discontinued as an 
organization by orders from the President, the Major-Gen- 
eral commanding deems it proper and just to express to 
the troops hitherto comprising it his appreciation of the 
long and arduous service, the unwearied patriotism, the 
cheerful obedience to orders, the dauntless courage and re- 
sistless morale, which have won for you a high name in the 
records of your country, of which you may well be proud. 

Fort de Russy, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Lake Chicot, 
Tupelo, Nashville, Spanish Fort and Blakeley attest your 
gallantry and success during the last year of the war. 
You have never experienced defeat nor repulse. Your 
military history is without blot or stain. With this record 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 59 

of your service you can return to your respective homes, as 
mustered out, with the consciousness that you have per- 
formed your full duty, won the respect and admiration of 
your commanders and well deserve the confidence and trust 
of the country, that in her hour of danger placed you in 
ranks and trusted to you her battles. Still continue to merit 
that confidence and trust by becoming as good citizens. 
Unless you become such, the results of your entire service 
are lost to you. Let the memory of what you have endured 
endear to you every foot of American soil. Having asserted 
the supremacy of the General Government in arms, assist, 
now, in creating for it a glorious future among nations. 

A. J. Smith, Major-General." 

As the disbandment of the army continued, it became 
necessary to scatter the remaining troops more and more. 
Civil Government had not been established and martial law 
obtained. 

General John McArthur had established his headquarters 
in the Bank building in Selma and the office of the Provost- 
Marshal, Major J. P. Houston, of the 5th Minnesota, was 
directly opposite. The issuing of amnesty oaths, taking 
charge of property, which had lately belonged to the Con- 
federate States — largely cotton — suppressing disorder and 
providing for the emancipated colored people, were but a 
small portion of the duties devolving upon the Provost-Mar- 
shal, and the troops were necessary aids to this work of re- 
organizing a disorganized community. Cotton speculators, 
gamblers, "bootleggers" and adventurers also required look- 
ing after. Two or three instances, briefly related, will serve 
to illustrate some of the work in which the troops were at 
this period engaged. One morning a delegation of citizens 
called upon the Provost-Marshal and, in great excitement, 
informed him that there was an uprising threatened among 
the negroes, and that they plotted to burn the town. Every 
negro engaged in the scheme wore a red ribbon in his button- 
hole and the leader sported a red rooster feather in his hat. 
An investigation was made and sure enough nearly every 
colored man on the street had a red worsted string or a piece 
of red ribbon tied in his buttonhole. The rooster feather 
was found and the man brought to headquarters and closely 



l6o BUGLE ECHOES 

questioned, but nothing was elicited from him. To every 
question the reply was, "I don't know nothin'." A rope 
was procured and tossed over the transom and three times 
he was suspended but with no different result. He was 
then placed under guard and held for several days. In the 
meantime a close watch was kept throughout the town but 
nothing developed. There existed throughout the war, in 
the South, an organization known as the "red strings," who 
were loyal to the Government and lent aid to escaped Union 
prisoners and frequently gave secret information. With- 
out doubt these ignorant, newly freed slaves, recognized the 
"red string" as an emblem of loyalty and had donned it as 
such. Their recent masters had good reasons for fear, 
but time showed such fears groundless. Later these patient, 
self-contained, free-men became the slaves of a fear that 
was not groundless, as the Kuklux flitted, phanton-like, 
'neath "the moon's pale light" through Southern pines. 

At another time a negro had been murdered by a planter 
living near Selma and the body thrown in the Alabama 
River. A detail under command of Captain Butler of the 
8th Wisconsin, who was assistant Provost-Marshal, was sent 
out to make the arrest. The country was filled with armed 
and lawless men from the disbanded armies of the Confed- 
eracy, and the murderer's friends would not hesitate to 
defend him if informed of the intended capture. The night 
ride through the woods was interesting to that small detail, 
ever alert and ready. Every crackling twig suggested an 
ambush, the shifting shadows along the moonlit road took 
on the forms of men. The hooting of an owl, the distant 
bay of the bloodhound were sounds of ill import to these 
pursuers of a murderer. The house of the assassin was 
reached shortly after midnight ; the house surrounded and 
the man found sick in bed. An old cotton wagon was found 
upon which a bed was laid. To the wagon was hitched a 
mule and a gray, flee-bitten mare, with harness of ropes, 
straw and leather, and the return made in safety. The man 
was confined in a two-story brick building used as a prison, 
and from this he afterward escaped by slipping his irons 
and climbing down the water pipe hand over hand. 



BUGLE ECHOES l6l 

One more instance. The "cotton speculator" was, as a 
rule, nothing more than a thief. Cotton was found, the 
brand removed and another substituted ; it was then shipped 
to market and the speculator enriched. One of these men 
entered the office of Major Houston one day and, in an 
arrogant and insolent manner, accused the Major of im- 
properly seizing cotton belonging to him. The Major's 
right arm hung helpless at his side, from a wound 
received in battle, a section of the bone having been re- 
moved from between the elbow and shoulder, but he was 
as brave as a lion and quickly resented the insult. Instantly 
a revolver was drawn, and in another moment the Major 
would have been a dead man, but one of the 47th was on 
duty in the office as clerk, and, anticipating the trouble, had 
also drawn a revolver and had the "cotton speculator" cov- 
ered. He dropped his gun. Such scenes filled the early 
period of reconstruction and the close of service of the 47th. 
At last came the order for discharge, and on the 21st of 
January, 1866, the regiment was mustered out of service at 
Selma, Alabama, by Lieutenant E. H. Hosner, Assistant 
Commissary of Musters, and ordered to Springfield, Illinois. 

On the trip homeward a railroad wreck occurred on the 
Mobile and Ohio Railroad, seven miles north of Corinth, in 
which one man was killed, another mortally wounded and 
several severely injured. All of the regiment, except Com- 
panies A, I and K. reached Springfield on the 30th of Jan- 
uary. The other three Companies reached there on the 2d 
day of February and the day following, February 3d, 1866, 
the 47th received its final pay and discharge. On the 6th 
of February, the ladies gave them a reception at Peoria, the 
last given to returning regiments. 



-11 



1 62 BUGLE ECHOES 

CAMPAIGNS AND ENGAGEMENTS IN WHICH 

THE FORTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS 

PARTICIPATED. 

New Madrid, Mo March 3-10, 1862 

Island Number Ten March 5, April 10, 1862 

Corinth, Siege of May 3-29, 1862 

Farmington, Miss May 9, 1862 

Farmington, Miss May 28, 1862 

luka, Miss Sept. 19, 1862 

Corinth, Miss Oct. 3-4, 1862 

Jackson, Miss May 14, 1863 

Vicksburg, Miss., Siege of 1863 

Vicksburg, Miss., Assault on May 22, 1863 

Mechanicsville, Miss June 4, 1863 

Richmond, La June 14, 1863 

Red River Expedition March-May, 1864 

Fort de Russy, La March 21, 1864 

Henderson's Hill, La March 22, 1864 

Pleasant Hill, La April 9, 1864 

Cloutierville, La April 23, 1864 

Belle Prairie, La May 16, 1864 

Bayou de Glaze, La May 18, 1864 

Lake Chicot, Ark June 6, 1864 

Comargo Cross Roads, Miss July 13, 1864 

Tupelo, Miss July 14, 1864 

Hurricane Creek, Miss August 14, 1864 

Abbeyville, Miss August 23, 1864 

Spanish Fort, Ala March-April, 1865 

Fort Blakeley, Ala April 9, 1865 

Nashville, Tenn Dec. 15-16, 1864 

(Detachment detailed with 2d Iowa Battery, 50 men.) 

The 47th traveled — 

By rail 4,380 miles 

By water 4,800 miles 

By marches 5,175 miles 



Total 14,355 miles 

It was in service from August 16, 1861, to January 21, 
1866 — 4 years, 5 months, 5 days. 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 63 

CASUALTIES. 

2 Colonels killed 

I Colonel died in service 

1 Lieutenant-Colonel killed 

2 Majors wounded 

2 Captains killed in action 

69 men killed in action 

183 men died of disease 

240 men were discharged because of disabilities or wounds 

19 missing, not accounted for 

2 died in Southern prisons 

521 Total 



FORTY YEARS AFTER. 

Were you ever where a little knot of old veterans had 
gathered and have you listened to their stories? Their con- 
versation belies their gray hairs and the dignity of age or 
position. Note the sparkle of the eye, the quick gesture and 
excited speech. The grave banker, the dignified governor 
of State, the man of affairs, all forgotten in a common com- 
radeship and each is addressed familiarly by the name used 
in the old army days. It was at such meetings most of these 
sketches were gathered. 



A MISSISSIPPI MATRON'S OPINION OF A. J. 
SMITH. 

Charley Blood of Company "A" now resides in Florida. 
It was there he met a member of Forrest's old command 
who upon being told that Charley served under A. J. Smith, 
said : "I'm sure right smart glad to make your acquaintance, 
Colonel Blood. You uns was a right peert company. You 
see we uns lived in old Mississippi and when Mr. Forrest 
(he wasn't no Gineral then) raised his critter back com- 
pany I jist naturally jined. Old "Marm" here (she's most 
anigh ninety, now) and the gals wuz left tu hum alone. 
Pretty soon you uns came that-away and old marm, being 
alone with the gals, got scared like and went to see Gineral 
Smith to get a guyard. I reckon marm wan't no beauty 



164 BUGLE ECHOES 

fittin' to dance at Mr. Rusevelt's 'nauguration ball, but she 
was chock full o' sand and dad had made her believe she was 
purtier than Queen "Victory." Pore folks wimmen in them 
days in Mississippi was glad to wear cotton gowns, dipped 
in butternut juice and they didn't wear no corysets nuther. 
Marm had hearn tell powerful bad stories about you 
'Yanks' but she jist marched in to Gineral Smith with her 
old caliker sunbunnet in her hand and takin' the snuff 
stick outen her mouth said, 'Be you Gineral Smith?' *I 
am, madam, what can I do for you ?' said he. 'Well, Gineral,' 
said she, flustrated by his perlite answer, 'you see I'm a poor 
lone body with two gals tu hum and a want you uns to put 
a guyard over we uns house.' 'I'm sorry, madam,' says the 
Gineral, 'but Gineral Forrest keeps me so busy I can't spare 
any of my men ; besides, madam, I'm sure your fair face 
will be pertection enough with my boys.' And he bowed so 
perlitely that marm jist naturally went home and marm 
thinks today Gineral Smith was the greatest gineral ever 
lived." 



COLONEL ALLEN L. FAHNESTOCK. 

Peoria County had no more earnest patriot than Allen 
L Fahnestock of Glasford, 111. At the outbreak of the war 
he was one of the Board of Supervisors of Peoria County 
and a member of the Finance Committee that reported a 
measure appropriating $10,000 for the support of the fami- 
lies of those who enlisted. Later he raised fifty men for 
Company C of the 47th, intending to accompany them, but 
gave way to Silas Chappel because he had military training 
and he deemed him better fitted for command. Chappel was 
made a lieutenant. Fahnestock raised one hundred men for 
the 86th, was made captain and rose to the rank of Colonel, 
the fitting reward of his modest worth. 



A DRUMMER BOY'S INDIGNATION. 

The 47th was camped near a large apple orchard at luka 
and the boys were in the habit of going over to it and mak- 
ing cider. One day while thus engaged a party of guerillas 



BUGLE ECHOES 165 

appeared suddenly and the boys being without arms made 
a hurried dash for camp. Johnny Grove, a drummer in 
Company "H," was one of the party and was pursued by a 
tall, lank rebel who kept firing at him, and calling to him to 
halt and surrender, at the same time applying to him all 
the vile epithets in the English vocabulary. Spurred to 
faster speed by the shots, the indignant tears streaming down 
his cheeks, he turned and said to his companion, "I'm not 
used to taking such things from any man, but I'm in too 
much of a hurry now to stop." 



The 47th closed the first day's fighting at Corinth 
October 3d, 1862, and opened the fight on the skirmish line 
the morning of the 4th. 



COLONEL BRYNER'S REGARD FOR HIS MEN. 

Alex. Blair of Company "A," who is now an inmate of 
the Soldier's Home, Danville, 111., says: 

"Colonel Bryner was idolized by the boys not only for 
his ability as a soldier but because of his care for the boys 
under him. At Rienzi a squad of fifteen or twenty of the 
boys raided a peach orchard in violation of orders respect- 
ing rights of property. They were captured by the provost 
guard and by orders from General Granger tied up by the 
thumbs. The matter was reported to Colonel Bryner and 
within five minutes he had cut them down by his own hand 
and General Granger was told that orders affecting the 
47th must be sent through Colonel Bryner." 



Colonel Bryner was the first man to enlist in the 47th and 
his son was the last one mustered out, March 24th, 1866, as 
he was also the youngest member of the regiment, sixteen. 



WHAT THE BOYS TELL. 

The 47th has held but few reunions since the war closed 
and when they gather in little groups the conversation runs 



1 66 BUGLE ECHOES 

much like this: George Kinnear: "They tell me Harlow 
is dead, died in St. Louis, poor 'Brayt;' he was a splendid 
fellow and made quite a record as Civil Service Commis- 
sioner with Proctor and Roosevelt." 

George Ryan : "Yes, he was also Postmaster at St. Louis 
and so was A. J. Smith. By the way, did you ever hear about 
Jeff. Durley's nigger, 'Doug.' they called him? — short, you 
know, for Douglas. Well, at Montgomery the boys missed 
a good many things and 'Doug' came under suspicion. Dur- 
ley was captain of Company T and Harlow went to him to 
complain. Durley listened patiently until Harlow finished 
and then said, 'Lieutenant Harlow, I regard this charge 
against that poor nigger as infamous. He has just been re- 
leased from bondage ; he isn't even possessed of a 
patronymic beyond that of Douglas and I'm his friend and 
will vouch for his integrity. You go back and say to those 
who complain to look elsewhere. Say to them that Jeff. 
Durley trusts him implicitly, that I have never lost a thing 
and have a better supply of shirts, socks and underwear 
than when I took him.' " 

Major Olmsted: "Boys, you know when Ryan lost his 
arm, it was at Spanish Fort, the force of the bullet faced 
him square in the rear. Taking the wounded member in his 
hand he went to the surgeon, who wanted to put him under 
the influence of chloroform. Drawing his revolver he 
threatened to shoot the first man who would attempt to ad- 
minister it and laying his arm upon the operating table in- 
sisted on seeing the work done, Cool, wasn't it?" 

"Cooler than I was at Farmington," broke in Elisha Rice. 
"I was sent to the rear for water and was loaded with can- 
teens. When I reached the swamp the shot and shell were 
falling thick and fast and I crawled up behind a big tree. 
While there a shell tore through the upper branches and I 
got up and 'skedaddled' back to the boys. I promised my- 
self then that if I got out of there alive Fd never get caught 
in a fight again, but I did get caught and a good many times 
after that." 

"Speaking of filling canteens." said Tom. Keady, "re- 
minds me of the morning we started for Jackson. Just as 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 67 

the brigade was ready to move General Mower asked Cap- 
tain Cleland of his staff to have his flask filled for him from' 
the keg in the headquarters wagon. Presently Cleland re- 
turned and reported that the whiskey was gone, keg and all. 
Mower said nothing and they rode on in silence for some 
time. At last Mower turned and said, 'Captain, I wish you 
would go to the 47th wagon train and ask Pat. Drum to 
send the keg back. I guess that's right ; that was the noisiest 
place in camp last night' " 



THE FIGHT AT LAKE CHICOT. 

(As told by George Kinnear, Captain of Company "F," 
47th Illinois.) 

"In the spring of 1864, when A. J. Smith's command of 
two divisions returned from the Red River campaign, we 
proceeded in transports up the Mississippi River on the 
way to join Grant's army in East Tennessee. General Smith 
had been detained a long time on the Red River campaign, 
thus giving the Rebels time to gather a force to prevent his 
joining Grant. When he arrived near Lake Chicot it was 
found that the Rebels had blockaded the river by planting 
batteries. It was necessary to land a force to dislodge them. 
On the 5th of June two brigades under General Mower were 
disembarked on the west side at a point about ten miles below 
Lake Chicot. Early the next morning, June 6th, the column 
took up its line of march with the 47th Illinois in the ad- 
vance. We had gone but a short distance when we encoun- 
tered the enemy's cavalry. Immediately the left wing of the 
47th was thrown out as skirmishers, my company 'F' being 
on the left. The main traveled road which was followed by 
the column ran near the river, the land sloped rapidly away 
to the west into cane-brakes and swamp. In places the farm- 
ing land extended into the swamp, leaving the ground over 
which the left of the skirmish line had to move composed 
alternately of cane-brake and loose, soft soil. Some of 
this land had been plowed, other parts had grown up in high 
weeds. Heavy rains had fallen, making the mud knee 
deep. To climb and crawl through the tangle of cane and 
vines, and then to plunge through the mud, made it seem 



l68 BUGLE ECHOES 

the hardest tramp we had ever made. Many men were 
forced to drop behind. Of Company 'F' only eleven men 
were in the line when the battle commenced. The morning 
was cloudy and misty. We drove the Rebel skirmishers be- 
fore us, they occasionally halting and firing a few shots. 
The weeds were high and wet and we could trace with the 
eye the course of the bullets from the time they left the gun 
by the mist that would fly from the weeds. Lake Chicot had 
at some time been in the course of the river but that had 
changed now by a new channel forming to the east, leav- 
ing what is now known as Lake Chicot. Extending from 
the swamp into the lake is a bayou with steep sides, contain- 
ing still water of considerable depth. This bayou was im- 
passable, except where it entered the lake and where it was 
crossed by the wagon road. At this point the Rebel troops 
under Marmaduke made a stand on the opposite side. There 
was no way to flank them as the bayou was impassable and 
we had to fight across the bayou and force them from the 
crossing. 

The 47th was in front and bore the brunt of the fight- 
ing. Several incidents occurred here which I might mention. 
After we had halted and were engaged in the fight the nth 
Missouri moved up in line of battle, halting close to our line. 
They had just left faced into column when a shell from a 
Rebel gun struck into their ranks ; I could hear the gun 
stocks break like dry sticks. A number of their men were 
killed or wounded, how many, I never learned. Imme- 
diately another came through the same place but this time 
the men had seen the smoke of the gun and all dropped in- 
stantly, the shell passing just over them. The men began 
swearing. It seemed that every man was swearing at once, 
cursing the Rebels. Just in my front was a tree, standing 
behind which was Charles Royce, of Company 'B.' As he 
put out his head to fire, a cannot shot took it oflf, scattering 
his brains and blood around. The next shot came near 
scaring me to death. It seemed to be coming straight at me ; 
my hair went up straight and my flesh crept ; I had no time 
to move ; then it burst just in front of me, the fragments 
scattering around. It was a common opinion among the 
soldiers that there were times when a shell or bullet was 





CAPTAIN GEORGE A. WILKINS 
Company H. 



LIEUTENANT CHAS. S ROBINSON 

(.'OMPANY I 





^^ J^l 



0^^^^ 




^ 



LIEUTENANT 



WILLIAM W. PIERCE LIEUTENANT CHARLES S. BLOOD 

Company A- 



Company E. 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 69 

going to strike near them that something impressed them, 
telling them where it would hit and would impel tliem to 
drop or dodge and escape. Here Major Miles was shot 
through the breast and fell from his horse, the wound being 
for a time supposed to be mortal. The fight lasted about an 
hour, when the Rebels retreated and disappeared, leaving 
the way clear for the fleet of boats to pass up the river. 
Now this affair is scarcely mentioned in history, yet it was 
a hard fight, with considerable loss. Company 'F' had two 
killed. Owen W. Shaw and Joseph Rether and three were 
wounded. Some of the other companies suffered equally as 
great loss. During the fight Captain B. F. Biser of Company 
'B' was shot. He was shot through the stomach and re- 
marked, 'Boys, I am shot through the bread basket.' He 
lived about ten hours, suffering terrible agony. He re- 
peatedly urged some one to shoot him. Captain Biser was 
a remarkable man; he came from Maryland, his family act- 
ing with the Rebels. He was a brave man, a fine officer, 
thoroughly honorable and of a genial and generous nature. 
The night before we left the boat we had a long talk about 
our affairs. He thought the war was nearly over and he 
would soon return to Washington, Illinois, where he enlisted 
and where he had many friends, and make that his home. 
His body was sent to Washington and interred at that place." 



PARSON AUGHEY. 

"The Iron Furnace or Slavery and Secession" is the title 
of a small volume written by the Rev. J. H. Aughey and 
published in 1863, at about which time, if memory serves 
rightly, he was a visitor at my father's house, while in at- 
tendance at Presbyterian General Assembly, at Peoria, Illi- 
nois. In this book he describes his escape from prison in 
Tupelo, Mississippi, and tells of the help rendered him by 
Alex. Speer and J. J. DeGrummond of the 47th, who were 
fellow prisoners with him. The following account is from 
the combined statements of Aughey, Speer and DeGrum- 
mond: 

Reverend J. H. Aughey was born in Oneida County. 
New York, in 1828, and was thirty-three years of age at 



170 BUGLE ECHOES 

the time of the occurrences of which I write. He was a 
Presbyterian minister in Winston County, Mississippi, in 
April, 1861, and an outspoken Union man. In June, 1862, 
he was arrested by the Confederate authorities, charged with 
being a spy and thrown into prison. This prison was a 
grocery house, twenty-five by fifty feet in dimensions, and 
contained about seventy prisoners, citizens, union soldiers, 
whites, negroes and mulattoes. 

On the 3d of July Speer of Company "A" and DeGrum- 
mond of Cornpany "C," 47th Illinois, obtained passes from 
Lieutenant-Colonel Thrush and went outside the lines in 
search of milk and to gather blackberries, which there grew 
in profusion. They had hardly passed beyond sight of the 
pickets before they were captured by a squad of Wert 
Adams' cavalry, a part of the same command which after- 
wards shot Colonel Cromwell. They were taken to Holly 
Springs and thence to Tupelo, where they were thrown into 
the same prison in which Aughey was confined, and he was 
one of the first to form their acquaintance. On account of 
a previous escape and recapture he had been placed in irons, 
the irons having been welded on while hot. The bands were 
connected by a chain of three links, barely permitting him to 
walk. In this prison were two other prisoners, who in ad- 
dition to being thus manacled were handcuflFed and chained 
together to the side of the building. They had enlisted in 
the Confedrate army for twelve months. Their time had 
expired, but they were refused permission to return to their 
homes. They, however, made the attempt, were captured 
and a few days later led out and shot. "The method of 
shooting was to dig a hole and make the victim sit with his 
legs hanging in it. The soldiers would fire three balls 
through the brain and three through the heart ; then the 
mangled and bleeding body fell into the grave and was im- 
mediately covered with earth." 

Aughey made himself known to Speer as an Odd Fellow 
and said they would not recognize him but that the Provost 
Marshal was a Mason and asked Speer, who was also a 
Mason, to see what he could do for him. Speer obtained 
recognition but the Provost said, "All ties between the 
North and South were severed. That Aughey had come 



BUGLE ECHOES I7I 

down there and preached for them. That they employed and 
supported him ; that he had married one of their girls and 
had turned traitor to them. He had bought cotton for Gen- 
eral Rosecrans to ship North and was a spy, and they were 
going to take him out the next day and hang or shoot the 
damned Northern hound. I don't blame you for interceding 
for him for he is your friend." All this was repeated to 
Aughey and it was decided that another attempt at escape 
should be made that night. All day long with the aid of a 
long handled spoon, a knife and an old file, DeGrummond, 
Speer and other prisoners worked upon the fetters, loosening 
the chain, and at last succeeded. About sun-down General 
Jordan entered and examining the fetters discovered that 
they had been tampered with, but did not notice that the 
links of the chain could be slipped apart. During this ex- 
amination the heart of every prisoner engaged in the plot 
stood still with apprehension. Orders were given that upon 
the next day the bonds should be more securely fastened and 
Jordan departed. Speer gave Aughey his pass, which he 
still had, and told him to go straight to the 47th, and tell 
the boys where he and DeGrummond were. Aughey gave 
Speer what money he had, in all about thirty dollars in Con- 
federate currency, which Speer was to take to Aughey's wife 
in case he got out and found that anything had happened 
to Aughey, Some of this money Speer still has. 

Like most of the buildings in the South, the prison was 
built upon piles, the planks being placed perpendicularly, in 
some places not reaching the ground. At dusk those in the 
plot stepped outside the building into a small enclosure, into 
which they were permitted to go, Aughey seating himself 
upon the step. 

His last hours in prison had been spent in exhortation 
and his words produced a wonderful effect, greatl;^ moving 
his listeners. Soon after entering the enclosure the prison- 
ers had the guards engaged in a heated controversy regard- 
ing the comparative merits of Tennessee and Mississippi 
troops. The opportune moment had arrived. Aughey 
slipped his chains, leaving the bands still around his ankles, 
and quickly slipped under the building. It was half-past 
nine, the moon shone brilliantly, revealing every object with 



1/2 BUGLE ECHOES 

startling distinctness. The prisoners were soon ordered in 
and made to lie down. Speer and DeGrummond often raised 
their heads hoping to see Aughey going towards the picket 
line, but they were as often ordered down and never saw him 
again. For awhile Aughey lay under the building and could 
hear the prisoners discussing his escape ; he then slipped out 
and succeeded in getting clear of the Confederate lines and 
pursued his way towards the Union lines at Rienzi, which 
he reached in safety. 

This took several days, during which he was pursued 
by bloodhounds, slept in ditches and deep woods, lived upon 
blackberries and drank foul water and he would have per- 
ished had he not fallen into the hands of a loyal Mississippian 
who removed the bands from his limbs and saw him through 
the last of his journey. Upon reaching Rienzi he was cared 
for by Colonel Bryner and Surgeon Lucas. 

A fellow prisoner of Aughey 's, whom he afterwards met, 
said : "The mode of your escape was not discovered and 
the officers were of the opinion you had bribed the guards. 
From that time the officers became more cruel than ever, 
and in two weeks thirty-two of our fellow prisoners were 
taken out and shot." 

Speer says: "The next morning after Aughey's escape 
the Provost Marshal came in and found that Aughey was 
gone, and sent soldiers in pursuit with orders to shoot him 
upon sight. 

That day the Union soldiers were ordered to get ready 
to go to Mobile. Among the prisoners was a Dutchman be- 
longing to the command of General Jeff. C. Davis, who had 
been captured at the same time with DeGrummond and 
myself who was ordered left behind. He asked me why 
and upon my asking the Provost Marshal, I was told he 
had »been captured before and had broken his parole and 
they were going to shoot him. The Dutchman said he had 
never been captured before and cried when we left him. I 
was told afterwards by a Rebel soldier at Macon, Ga., that 
he had been shot. 

DeGrummond and I were confined in a tobacco warehouse 
at Mobile. Ala., and from there we went up the Alabama 



BUGLE ECHOES 1 73 

River to Montgomery, thence to Macon, Ga., where we were 
under the infamous Wertz, and suffered untold privations. 
From there we went to Columbia, S. C, from there to 
Raleigh, N. C, thence to Libby Prison, in Richmond, Va., 
from there to Aiken's Landing on the James river and 
paroled. From there we went to Fortress Monroe, thence 
to Portsmouth Grove, R. I., where we remained all winter 
in the hospital. In this hospital I was twice placed on 
the 'dead' side. From Portsmouth Grove we went to Wash- 
ington and Alexandria. Va., and from there returned to the 
regiment." 



AT CORINTH, BY DAVID MUNDELL OF CO. H. 

"There are experiences, in the life of every one, so in- 
delibly stamped upon the brain that age leaves the memory 
of them undimmed. It seems but last night that I was upon 
that swift, fierce march for the Corinth battle line and every 
muscle aches at the thought of it. Great blisters were upon 
my feet, my back ached and temples throbbed as though 
fever-racked ; my throat was parched and eyes burning but 
I staggered on mile after mile, and was one of the few who 
kept up and reached the camp at Kossuth, at midnight, Octo- 
ber 2d, 1862. 

At three o'clock in the morning we were again upon the 
march and by four o'clock in the afternoon were in front of 
the 'Secesh' lines. When within about one hundred paces 
of the Rebel front, which was concealed by a dense wood, 
we were ordered to lie down behind a slight elevation. 
Shortly after this the enemy made a movement which 
threatened to flank us on the left and orders were given to 
move backward and form a new front. Company "H" oc- 
cupied the center and was under command of Captain 
Thompson Gordon, as gallant an officer as ever lived. Gor- 
don failed to hear and repeat the order and the result was 
a slight confusion in our ranks, some of the company mov- 
ing with the right flank of the regiment and some with the 
left. Gordon thought we were giving way and at once be- 
came furious. 'Halt! Halt! I say. Damn you, halt,' and 
then as the boys continued to move backward, in the rage 



174 BUGLE ECHOES 

of despair shouted, 'Go to hell then, if you will go.' That 
was the last I ever saw of Captain Gordon for at that 
moment I was shot, a rifle ball entering my right side, 
cracked the clavicle, broke two short ribs, passed through 
the top lobe of my lung and out through the shoulder blade. 
I walked back to Corinth, about a mile distant. I was taken 
into the upper story of the Tishomingo Hotel, which was 
being used as a hospital and which was in charge of that 
devoted friend of the Union soldier. Mother Byckerdike. 
Just before dawn, on the morning of the 4th, the Rebels 
opened fire and one of their guns found the range of our 
quarters and a shell burst inside the hotel. Everybody 
hustled out, Mother Byckerdike directing everything. I 
had dressed myself as best I could and had gone down the 
stairs just before the bursting of the shell. In the street 
everything was confusion, government wagons were mov- 
ing to leave the city, some of the teams were partially 
hitched, some attached to double-trees only, some entirely 
loose and running in every direction. The town was full 
of straggling .<^oldiers. Excited citizens were running hither 
and thither, seeking to get away ; consternation reigned su- 
preme. Looking back toward the line of battle I saw a 
sight of supreme grandeur. The gray dawn furnished back- 
ground against which rolled rose-rimmed clouds of smoke, 
pierced with volcanic flash from guns that seemed to sob 
with agony. It was such a scene as might, I imagine, be 
furnished by some mighty volcanic eruption in the early 
morning. Passing out of the city I was kept busy dodging 
run-away teams, which were flying in every direction. After 
going about two miles I lay down utterly exhausted. 

The roar of artillery and the rattle of musketry grew con- 
stantly louder and it seemed as though hell was holding 
jubilee. After lying there a while I was picked up and 
taken to a field hospital in the woods within the line of fire. 
Near my tent was a stack of arms and legs the size of a 
hay cock. From Corinth I was sent to St. Louis, where I re- 
ceived my discharge the following February." 



After the fight at Corinth, October 3, 1862, but two men 
of Company "F" — Job Fowler and "Nute" Ferguson — were 
left fit for duty. 



BUGLE ECHOES 175 

At Pleasant Hills, "Cy" Kingman, who was serving as 
orderly for Mower, captured the only guns taken upon the 
field — ^two twelve-pounder brass Howitzers. He succeeded 
in getting them to the river, where they were placed upon 
General A. J. Smith's Headquarters boat and taken to 
Vicksburg, where they were placed in the Arsenal. The 
Confederates had captured these guns the day before from 
Banks. 



AN INCIDENT. 
My Dear Bryner: 

I recall an incident connected with the organization of 
the 47th that may interest you. 

I was a clerk in Governor Yates' office when Colonel 
Bryner applied for permission to raise a regiment. The 
Governor penciled on the back of the Colonel's letter direc- 
tions for its answer. 

I wrote the letter and sent it in for signature. When it 
came back, signed, every sentence had been scratched out 
and interlined from where I said "Colonel John Bryner" to 
where it said "Yours respectfully, Richard Yates, Governor," 
and the new sentences interlined by the Governor. 

The difference was that my letter authorized the raising 
of the regiment and rendered the State liable for every dol- 
lar of the expense, while the interlineations of the Governor 
authorized and urged the raising of the regiment but did 
not render the State liable for the expense. 

But Colonel John Bryner went right ahead and raised the 
regiment and assumed the liability and afterward the United 
States paid the bills. Yours truly, 

Robert Mann Woods, 
Department Commander G. A. R. 



176 BUGLE ECHOES 

L'ENVOI ! 

It is written ! Between these covers you find the story 
of heroic men, and good. 

Brave men, say you? Nay, reader, courageous men, for 
they knew the danger, and knowing, yet dared. Into the 
scale they threw youth, with all its aspirations and hopes, 
for National integrity and universal liberty. 

The glow of bloody sunsets still lingers, a halo around the 
forms we picture, sentineling the hill tops of our Nation's 
history, and the figures stand out in colossal grandeur. 

Since the travail of that hour. Liberty, new-born, has at- 
tained a wondrous growth. 

A priceless peace is ours, and Prosperity stands ever at 
our right hand, lavishing bounties. 

With every sail set to favoring winds, we are traveling a 
rapid pace. Engrossed in personal pursuits and pleasures, 
the helm is apt to be lightly grasped, and hidden rocks may 
sink the majestic Ship of State, should we forget. 

The chart is clear, GOD AND RIGHT, no more. Youth, 
health, opportunity, love and cherished ambitions exchanged 
for death, wasted bodies, lost chances and perished longings. 
Love only lived, and this one great, all-absorbing love: 
Country and its beautiful emblem, the "old flag." 

Listen then, you children of the Union soldier. Listen 
to those living, and let the lips of the dead be fruitful, that 
you may live worthily for their sakes. No Nation can be 
greater than its individual members. Each life makes for 
the good or ill of the Republic. Set your picket fires far out 
and place Honor on guard. Let your countersign be Truth, 
that you may safely pass the outposts. 

Be no laggard from the column of human progress but 
keep touch, elbow to elbow, with those who are struggling 
for the Right. 

You may sometimes fail, you may fall from the ranks; 
if so. get into camp again as soon as you can ; don't desert ! 

Be loyal to God, Country and Self, that this great Republic 
may endure till time shall be no more. 




OLD ABE 



"OLD ABE." 

"Old Abe" was borne beside the colors of the 8th Wiscon- 
sin in the following engagements and campaigns: 

Fredericktown, Mo Oct. 21, 1861 

New Madrid and Island Ten March and April, 1862 

Point Pleasant, Mo March, 1862 

Farmington. Miss May 9, 1862 

Farmington, Miss May 28, 1862 

Corinth, Miss May, 1862 

luka. Miss Sept. 12, 1862 

Burnsville, Miss Sept. 13, 1862 

luka. Miss Sept. 16, 18, 1862 

Corinth, Miss Oct. 3, 4, 1862 

Tallahatchie, Miss Dec. 2, 1862 

Mississippi Springs, Miss May 13, 1863 

Jackson, Miss May 14, 1863 

Assault of Vicksburg May 22, 1863 

Siege of Vicksburg and surrender July 4, 1863 

Mechanicsburg, Miss June 4, 1863 

Richmond, La June 15, 1863 

Brownsville, Miss Oct. 14, 1863 

Fort Scurry, La March 13, 1864 

Fort de Russey, La March 15, 1864 

Henderson's Hill, La March 21, 1864 

Grand Ecore, La April 2, 1864 

Pleasant Hill, La April 8, 9, 1864 

Natchitoches, La April 20, 1864 

Clouterville, La April 23, 1864 

Bayou Rapids, La May 2, 1864 

Moore's Plantation, La May 8-12, 1864 

Mansura, La May 16, 1864 

Bayou De Glaize, La May 18, 1864 

Lake Chicot, Ark June 6, 1864 

Hurricane Creek, Miss Aug. 13, 1864 

Besides several other small skirmishes. 











ROSTER ILLINOIS 47TH 




FROM ORGANIZATION 


TO MUSTER OUT 









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